Combined survival analysis of cardiac patients by a Cox PH model and a Markov chain

The control and treatment of dyslipidemia is a major public health challenge, particularly for patients with coronary heart diseases. In this paper we propose a framework for survival analysis of patients who had a major cardiac event, focusing on assessment of the effect of changing LDL-cholesterol level and statins consumption on survival. This framework includes a Cox PH model and a Markov chain, and combines their results into reinforced conclusions regarding the factors that affect survival time. We prospectively studied 2,277 cardiac patients, and the results show high congruence between the Markov model and the PH model; both evidence that diabetes, history of stroke, peripheral vascular disease and smoking significantly increase hazard rate and reduce survival time. On the other hand, statin consumption is correlated with a lower hazard rate and longer survival time in both models. The role of such a framework in understanding the therapeutic behavior of patients and implementing effective secondary and primary prevention of heart diseases is discussed here.     

A quasi-Newton acceleration for high-dimensional optimization algorithms

In many statistical problems, maximum likelihood estimation by an EM or MM algorithm suffers from excruciatingly slow convergence. This tendency limits the application of these algorithms to modern high-dimensional problems in data mining, genomics, and imaging. Unfortunately, most existing acceleration techniques are ill-suited to complicated models involving large numbers of parameters. The squared iterative methods (SQUAREM) recently proposed by Varadhan and Roland constitute one notable exception. This paper presents a new quasi-Newton acceleration scheme that requires only modest increments in computation per iteration and overall storage and rivals or surpasses the performance of SQUAREM on several representative test problems.     

一种有效计算离散Gabor展开的方法(英文)

定义了一种有限和无限序列的实数形式离散Ｇａｂｏｒ展开方式,这种展开方式使用了类似于广泛应用的复数形式Ｇａｂｏｒ展开方式。但前者由于仅涉及实数运算,结果不仅节省大量的运算,而且更便于硬件和软件的实现。另外,实数形式离散Ｇａｂｏｒ展开方式与复数形式离散Ｇａｂｏｒ展开方式有着非常简单的关系,所以前者可以取代后者的运算。     

语言学和民族学

本文译自亚基会赠书《Language,Culture and Communication》(美国斯坦福大学1971出版)。该书为著名人类学家约瑟夫·H·格林堡教授的论文集。该文尽管发表较早,但仍对当今民族学、语言学及文化人类学的研究具有重要意义,特译出以飨读者。     

论亲属关系概念

《苏联民族学》1990年第3期发表了H·A·布季诺夫《论亲属关系概念》一文,现摘译如下: 亲属关系究竟是生物学事实还是社会事实?学术界已经多次提出这个问题了。为了回答这个问题,我们通常把亲属关系分为两个部分:1)亲属关系本身;2)亲属之间存在的权利和义务。亲属关系本身是生孩子即生物过程的结果,因而初看起来是一种生物学事实。因亲属关系而产生的权利和义务则是一种社会事实。     

黄金准则

苏珊向来为人诚实正直。以前她一直没有仔细考虑过这条黄金准则——“倘若你想人家怎样待你,你就应以那样的方式对待人家。”她越想就越觉得自己没能随时随刻恪守这条准则。最终,她只能向妈妈请教这一准则的含义。妈妈说:“它首先意味着要摒弃任何私心。一个爱邻居胜于自己的人     

作为全球区域化的文学研究

“全球化语境中的文化、文学与人”国际研讨会于 2 0 0 1年 8月 4日至 9日在北京召开。会议由北京师范大学文艺学研究中心与中文系联合举办 ,中外文艺理论学会、山东师范大学中文系、南京师范大学中文系和清华大学外语系协办。来自美国、德国、俄罗斯、荷兰、日本、比利时、新加坡、澳大利亚、南非等各国代表 ,与中国各地高校和研究机构的代表 ,一同就全球化语境中的文化、文学与当代人类共同关心的问题进行了热烈而深入的讨论。会议在国内外引起了很大的反响。我们撷取部分与会学者的发言纪要编辑了这组笔谈。　　在全球化时代中 ,文学研究既包含全球性因素也包含地域性因素。来自一种文化的文学作品能在多大程度上被处身于另一种文化的人们理解和说明的问题被提了出来。面对这些困难 ,全球化的文学研究应向人类学的小心谨慎和精益求精学习。全球区域化将成为未来几年里文学研究的主要目标。在新的高科技的电信王国中 ,文学和文学批评存在的理由是人类情感表现的需要 ,而不决定于媒体的改变 ,媒体与文学、哲学是相互作用的 ,现在和将来的媒体因为有文学、哲学给它提供改造的内容 ,媒体才变得丰富多彩 ,媒体也改造文学 ,使文学发生新的变化。有中国特色的文学理论的建设 ,必须以现代性思想为指导原则 ,     

中日战争时期的苏联、美国和国共"统一战线"

抗日战争时期发生在中国的重大事件至今仍受到历史学者们的关注.原因有很多,其中之一就是肯定中国战场上的军事行动在整个第二次世界大战当中的重大意义.中国进行的抗日战争是反法西斯同盟与轴心国进行斗争以及太平洋战争的制衡因素.对其形成的原因条件进行研究将帮助我们修正一些在史学界已经形成的关于国际对华政策的观点,以及抗日战争期间中国国内外因素的相互作用和影响的固有认识.通过研究史料我们可以看到,1943-1945年间,抗日民主统一战线成为中国政府坚持抗击日本侵略斗争的保障,因此维持国共统一战线的问题不仅成为苏联外交工作的重点,也居于美国外交活动的首要地位.我们认为,以往的史学研究没有充分揭示这一点.     

Technology and social interaction: the emergence of 'workplace studies'

Despite the substantial body of literature concerned with the ways in which digital media are transforming contemporary society and institutional life, we have relatively little understanding of the ways in which new technologies feature in day to day organizational conduct and interaction. There is however a growing corpus of empirical research which places the situated and contingent character of new technologies at the heart of the analytic agenda, but as yet, these studies are relatively little known within sociology. They include ethnographies of command and control centres, financial institutions, the news media, and the construction industry. They address the ways in which tools and technologies, ranging from paper documents through to complex multimedia systems, feature in work and collaboration. In this paper, we discuss these so-called 'workplace studies' and consider their implications for our understanding of organizational conduct, social interaction and new technology.