Evaluating skill acquisition in motivational interviewing: the development of an instrument to measure practice skills

Social work education has long emphasized the need to provide competence-based education. However, little work has been done to identify, validate and evaluate competencies in specific fields such as addictions. The purpose of this study was to isolate a set of substance abuse intervention competencies using Motivational Interviewing that could be used to teach and evaluate students. The research proceeded in three stages. First, a modified Delphi approach involving social work practitioners was used to discern a set of positive and dysfunctional skills related to Motivational Interviewing. The primary researcher taught a graduate social work class aimed at teaching students theory and skills related to this model. Students demonstrated these skills with simulated clients through videotaped interviews. Finally, three observers rated the student interviews using this developed instrument. While inter-observer agreement was lower than anticipated, this study does provide early support for the development of competencies related to specific theoretical frameworks.     

拉丁美洲的发展观点与制度主义

七十年代开始了资本主义发展的一个新阶段。资本主义的政治经济学必须对过时的观念加以修改,探寻新的社会经济学说以及由国家垄断进行调整的新方法。席卷资产阶级经济学的、只有凯恩斯“革命”才能与之比拟的对价值观念重新估价的过程,加强了制度社会学派对社会科学、国家政策以及资本主义世界意识形态的影响。     

我的人生哲学

Herbert A.Simon:1978年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者,美国卡内基·梅隆大学心理学和计算机科学教授.西蒙在这篇文章中从哲学的角度阐述了他作为一位科学家和社会科学家对生活的看法.通过他的叙述,读者能够窥探一位学者对某些问题所作的别具一格的独特思考.     

如何圆满解雇？

解雇员工时,如何让他不带着负面情绪离开,以致四处说领导和公司坏话影响声誉？最好的办法不是把他Dq~,J你的办公室,神不知鬼不觉地告诉他被解雇了,而是在解雇他之前,将解雇当作一个系统的谈判。     

Bayesian Experimental Design for Long-Term Longitudinal HIV Dynamic Studies

The study of HIV dynamics is one of the most important developments in recent AIDS research for understanding the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and antiviral treatment strategies. Currently a large number of AIDS clinical trials on HIV dynamics are in development worldwide. However, many design issues that arise from AIDS clinical trials have not been addressed. In this paper, we use a simulation-based approach to deal with design problems in Bayesian hierarchical nonlinear (mixed-effects) models. The underlying model characterizes the long-term viral dynamics with antiretroviral treatment where we directly incorporate drug susceptibility and exposure into a function of treatment efficacy. The Bayesian design method is investigated under the framework of hierarchical Bayesian (mixed-effects) models. We compare a finite number of feasible candidate designs numerically, which are currently used in AIDS clinical trials from different perspectives, and provide guidance on how a design might be chosen in practice.     

州权与外交政策——外交权力应交由华府

与其他国家相比,美国的州和地方政府享有极大的自主权,甚至可以自行对外实施制裁,他们无视联邦政府的对外政策,擅自把许多国家纳入自己的制裁范围,不仅使美国在外交事务上不能“以一个声音说话”,还给从事国际贸易的美国企业带来了实际的经济损失。针对州和地方政府有无权力制定自己的对外政策,文章从法律的角度进行了探讨。     

当代黑格尔哲学研究:新的文献与问题

六十至七十年代黑格尔学的特点之一是,作为研究黑格尔哲学的基础文献大大增加了。如果一个哲学家有关黑格尔哲学的概念没有超过五十年代至六十年代初期被认为是必要的和足够的材料范围,今天他恐怕就未必能够以专业的身份参加黑格尔学家的讨论。当然,这并不意味着诸如《精神现象学》、《逻辑学》、《哲学全书》、《法哲学》等经典著作已经被某些东西所取代。然而,文献的总量已经大大扩充,在这样的基础上可以有根据地评价黑格尔哲学的形成、变化和整体内容。以黑格尔在耶拿的创作时期(1801—     

库恩的功能主义和知识社会学

B.巴纳斯在《库恩与社会科学》一书中涉及了库恩及功能主义者对知识社会学的探讨。有人说在库恩对科学和科学社会进行历史性概括以前不存在知识社会学,这种说法显然是错误的。马克思、恩格斯、卢卡奇、曼海姆等早在库恩和功能主义者以前就有过这方面著述,并享有盛名,只是它们被排除在这个定义之外而已。知识社会学是一个重实际事物、重经验的研究领域,在它的研究课题中包括科学的知识和文化。     

自然、技术、生态学

生态学,按海克尔的观点,是全部关于有机界同周围环境关系的科学。海克尔列举了所有无机界和有机界的生存条件、有机界在整个自然界中的地位、生物界同环境的关系。现代生态学主要研究人与他的自然环境的关系,这种关系是由技术和工艺的发展决定的。马克思早就强调,工业是人与自然的真正的历史关系。由于生态学关系到创造适合于人的自然环境,因而它同维护和平、同科技革命的重大成就一样,向哲学提出了挑战;没有技术,人与自然的关系是无法形成的,因此,自然观的人道标准问题也变得突