非洲的民族和民族形成过程

现代民族科学的一项重要任务是进一步发展民族理论,这在某种程度上同对全世界民族共同体的多种多样具体形式和类型进行广泛研究有关。同其他洲相比,非洲的特点是:民族繁杂多样、民族成分复杂、现代民族形成过程变化性强。非洲资料的特点是某些民族语言集团分布具有交叉性,它们互相混合,大民族和许多小民族发生相互作用,如果不进行专门的民族学和语言学研究,一些民族之间往往难以划出界     

半成品

本文是苏联柳比莫夫和彼得洛夫给苏联“统计通报”的苏联读者所提出的关于如何确定“半成品”概念的有关问题的谷覆 ,现将全文译载,供同志们参考.     

使统计学更广泛地通俗化——评C·M·古列维奇著“什麽是统计”

在我们广大的统计工作者中间,有很大—部分同志是新做统计工作的,他们文化水平较低,在阅读较深的统计理论书籍时还存在着一定困难,因而迫切需要一本关于统计理论的通俗书籍.苏联古列维奇同志所著《什么是统计》一书是根据一九五四年三月苏联统计学科学会议决议的精神编写的,内容正确、通俗,文字生动、流畅,能够很好地满足上述需要.同时,本书对一般财经工作者也有很大参考价值.因此,我们特意选登了廖佐夫教授的一篇评介,作为对本书的推荐与介绍.     

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

In this case study, we describe the symptoms, neurological examination, and pathology of a woman with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a rare disorder leading to degeneration of the voluntary motor system and death in, on average, 3 to 4 years. The loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord causes the progressive symptoms of muscular weakness, atrophy, fasciculation (muscle twitching), spasticity, and hyperreflexia. Signs of disease in both upper and lower motor neurons are required for a definitive clinical diagnosis. Pathology shows degeneration of the lateral corticospinal tracts, loss of motor neurons and astrogliosis in the brain and brain stem, and neuronal inclusions. This case was marked by the onset of weakness and muscle atrophy in the hand, which spread to involve contiguous muscle segments. Cognition, the extraocular muscles, and the urinary sphincters were spared. Respiratory muscle weakness was a late manifestation.     

辩证法和社会学

辩证法产生于古代并具有许多形式,而把唯物论和辩证法统一起来的马克思主义辩证法,是它的最高形式。马克思主义的一般社会学理论是历史唯物主义。它的研究对象,是人类社会发展和运动的最普遍规律。然而,马克思主     

西德哲学三十年(1945—1975)

战后,西德(也包括奥地利)在哲学研究方面,曾经对社会产生一定影响的,主要是研究三个方面的问题:一,科学理论和科学史;二,新的实践哲学;三,面对复杂的工业社会的发展状况,哲学如何认识自身的作用和功能的问题。作者把战后西德哲学的发展分为四个阶段。第一阶段是从二次大战结束到五十年代中期。这个阶段的特点是恢复了同二十年代以及更早时期     

第三世界国家青年问题研究

根据南北委员会的统计资料,发展中国家的人口结构中青年人占很大的比例。对于人类社会的未来来说,他们是一股强大的力量。联合国科教文组织很重视对亚、非、拉国家青年教育问题的研究。1980年科教文组织统计年鉴收集了大量有关资料。根据资料可以知道,五十年     

Rate of perceived exertion as a tool to monitor cycling exercise intensity in older adults

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of rate of perceived exertion (RPE) to monitor exercise intensity in older adults. Middle-aged (46.9 +/- 7.0 years, n = 24) and older women (75.5 +/- 3.8 years, n = 29) performed a graded maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer while RPE, oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate levels were measured. The Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient between RPE and oxygen uptake for each stage of the graded exercise test was calculated for each participant. The mean coefficient for the older group (r =.954) was similar to that of middle-aged group (r =.963). The autocorrelation coefficient was much lower (r =.411) in the older group than in the middle-aged group (r =.871). Variability in RPE through the graded exercise test was similar between the two groups. In conclusion, RPE was strongly associated with oxygen uptake in the older group. These results indicate that RPE is effective in monitoring exercise intensity in older adults.     

When lesbians aren't gay: factors affecting depression among lesbians

Research on women and depression has neglected to explore how the factors that put women at risk for depression apply to lesbians. The present study examined four of the risk factors consistently cited in the women and depression literature (relationship status, relationship satisfaction, social support from friends, and social support from family), and two unique factors (outness and relationship status satisfaction), to determine their ability to predict depression among lesbians. Data were collected from 167 lesbians between the ages of 20 and 60. Perceived social support from friends, relationship status satisfaction, and perceived social support from family, were found to be significant predictors, accounting for 17.8% of the variance in depression, as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale (CES-D). A second multiple regression equation focused on the 110 lesbians who were in committed relationships, using the variables relationship satisfaction, perceived social support from friends, perceived social support from family, and outness, to determine if relationship satisfaction added to the amount of variance which could be predicted in depression. Social support from friends was the only significant predictor in this equation, accounting for 5.8% of the variance in depression scores.