弗洛伊德的精神分析与社会生物学

很少有人会怀疑弗洛伊德的精神分析是二十世纪心理学的“第一动力”。精神分析作为一种人格理论,详尽地阐述了人格的结构、动力和发展,其内涵之丰富,目前还没有一种人格理论堪与匹敌。然而,内容的复杂、浩翰并不意味着必然得到普遍的接受,精神分析自从它兴起的早期阶段就遭到了猛烈的抨击。抨击的矛头主要指向诸如本我、无意识和恋母情结等心理结构。然而弗洛伊德坚信,人们终将发现他所提出的本我、自我和超我等结构是具有生     

关于历史唯物主义“原始范畴”问题的讨论

1980年12月18～19日,举行了例行的全苏从事历史唯物主义问题研究的科学工作者和教师的协调会议。在会议发言中,人们很重视历史唯物主义的起因和“原始范畴”问题。В.И. 普里皮斯诺夫和Н.Ф. 特列季亚科夫强调说,应该把活动看作历史唯物主义的原始范畴,这不是因为它简单和不依赖于历史唯物主义的其它范畴,而恰恰是     

俄罗斯进军科技产业

曾押注Skype和Facebook的硅谷风投家又开始考虑另一个心跳赌局——让俄罗斯多样化发展,摆脱对石油产业的依赖。俄罗斯总统德米特里．安．梅德韦杰夫已将经济多样化摆到其经济政策的核心位置,并开始在莫斯科郊区建造一个被称为俄罗斯硅谷的大型科技园。     

Supportive parenting moderates the effect of discrimination upon anger, hostile view of relationships, and violence among African American boys

Studies have shown that exposure to discrimination increases the probability that African American adolescents will engage in delinquent behavior, especially acts of violence. The present study extended this research by examining the extent to which supportive parenting buffers a youth from these deleterious consequences of discrimination. Analyses based upon two waves of data from a sample of 332 African American adolescent males and their caretakers supported this hypothesis. Further the results indicated that there are two avenues whereby supportive parenting reduces the probability that discrimination will lead to violence. First, supportive parenting decreases the chances that discrimination will lead to anger and a hostile view of relationships. Second, supportive parenting lowers the risk that anger or a hostile view of relationships, when they develop, will result in violence.     

English perceptions of elder abuse

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate an English sample's perceptions on elder abuse, inflicted by adult children against their aging parents. Fifty participants (14 males, 46 females) provided examples of extreme, moderate, and mild elder abuse. As examples of extreme abuse, most participants mentioned neglect and physical aggression. Various forms of neglect and psychological abuse were their most common examples of moderate and mild abuse. References to physical aggression appeared most often as examples of extreme abuse rather than of moderate or mild abuse. Within these main categories, the specific subtypes most frequently mentioned by the sample included physical neglect, psychological neglect, verbal abuse, and deprivation. More females than males provided examples of financial abuse and physical neglect. Females were also more likely than males to list psychological neglect as an extreme form of abuse and disrespect as a form of mild abuse. At the moderate level, males referred to abuse relating to power more often than females. A positive relationship was found between age and the number of examples of physical neglect given at the moderate level and the number of examples of emotional abuse given at the mild level.     

Project LIFE: a partnership to increase physical activity in elders with multiple chronic illnesses

The authors describe a medical center-based randomized trial aimed at determining the feasibility and effectiveness of partnering patients and primary-care providers with an exercise health counselor. Study participants included 165 veterans age 70 years and older. The primary end point was change in physical activity at 3 and 6 months comparing patients receiving high-intensity physical activity counseling, attention control counseling, and usual care after receiving standardized clinic-based counseling. We noted a significant Group x Time interaction (p = .041) for physical activity frequency and a similar effect for caloric expenditure (p = .054). Participants receiving high-intensity counseling and usual care increased physical activity over the short term, but those with usual care returned to baseline by the end of the study. The intervention was well received by practitioners and patients. We conclude that partnering primary-care providers with specialized exercise counselors for age- and health-appropriate physical activity counseling is effective.     

Quality of life among unemployed and employed people in northern Sweden. Are there any differences?

This study analysed self-assessed quality of life (QoL), using a QoL questionnaire (H?rnquist's QLcs) covering the life spheres, somatic health, mental well-being, cognitive ability, social and family life, activity, financial situation, meaning in life and a global score "entire life", in 487 unemployed subjects and 2917 employed subjects aged 25-64, in a population-based cross-sectional study in northern Sweden. In line with previous findings, results showed that unemployed people exhibited poorer QoL. Unemployed women scored higher in existential life domains than unemployed men did. Unemployed men were worst off in terms of general life situation. Employed respondents benefited in QoL by a university/college education, while unemployed respondents with a university/college education did not. Close social relations and money reserve were associated with higher QoL generally. It was concluded that further research is needed to differentiate various aspects of QoL and unemployment, and to compare with other samples.     

The dual process model of coping with bereavement: a decade on

The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement (DPM; Stroebe & Schut, 1999) is described in this article. The rationale is given as to why this model was deemed necessary and how it was designed to overcome limitations of earlier models of adaptive coping with loss. Although building on earlier theoretical formulations, it contrasts with other models along a number of dimensions which are outlined. In addition to describing the basic parameters of the DPM, theoretical and empirical developments that have taken place since the original publication of the model are summarized. Guidelines for future research are given focusing on principles that should be followed to put the model to stringent empirical test.     

心理辅导走进“家长会”

5月21日下午,在广西柳州市柳南区革新二小多媒体教室,举多F『一场有特别意义的“家长会”,辖区学生家长、农民工子女的家长约四十余人听课。会上还邀请了柳州市心理咨询协会会长、柳州市铁路中心医院心理医生谢静参加。谢会长根据孩子们的心理特点,结合一些事例,讲述孩子们容易发生的心理问题,告诫家长们在现实生活中,要和孩子们多交流,以身作则,不要给孩子强加压力,让孩子们自由健康发展。谢会长的讲述,让与会家长们受益匪浅,许多家长都表示,今后要多注意和孩子们的交流方式,让孩子们有一个快乐健康的童年。