Geographic distance and intergenerational relationships in Chinese migrant families

ABSTRACT

This study examines the effect of adult Chinese migrants’ geographic distance from home on their intergenerational relationships with parents who remain behind. We compared monetary and family care support as well as emotional relationships among four parent-child groups: older adults and international migrant children, older adults and internal migrant children (who migrated to other cities in China), older adults and coresiding children, and older adults and local children (living in the same city as their parents). Data were derived from 332 older adults in Beijing, China, with at least one child who migrated to another country or city. Results from chi-square tests, anaylsis of variance (ANOVA) tests, and regression analyses indicate that international and internal migrant children maintain similar intergenerational relationships with their parents, and that both of those groups are less likely than coresiding and local children to have family care exchanges and emotionally close relationships with their parents. The results may help professionals develop supportive services and policies for older adults in migrant families.     

Debt,precarity and gender: male and female temporary labour migrants in Singapore

As one of Asia’s key hubs for transient workers, Singapore’s migration regime creates particularly gendered streams of labour, especially among lower skilled occupations, as is apparent in two key sectors – domestic work and construction work. Drawing on surveys with Bangladeshi construction workers and Indonesian domestic workers based in Singapore, as well as in-depth interviews with each group, this paper examines gendered issues of temporary labour migration, precarity and risk, as they occur against a backdrop of migrant indebtedness. In this paper, we argue that migrant indebtedness occurs along a spectrum that ranges from less visible, or what we call ‘silently’ incurred forms of debt, through to more ‘resonant’ types of debt that are acquired upfront and thus more readily quantifiable. Using this spectrum of migrant indebtedness, we aim to complicate debates about debt-financed migration by underscoring the ways in which notions of debt and unfreedom can be imbricated with both constraints and opportunities for migrants’ agency.     

A solution to a conjecture on the generalized connectivity of graphs

The generalized k-connectivity \(\kappa _k(G)\) of a graph G was introduced by Chartrand et al. in (Bull Bombay Math Colloq 2:1–6, 1984), which is a nice generalization of the classical connectivity. Recently, as a natural counterpart, Li et al. proposed the concept of generalized edge-connectivity for a graph. In this paper, we consider the computational complexity of the generalized connectivity and generalized edge-connectivity of a graph. We give a confirmative solution to a conjecture raised by S. Li in Ph.D. Thesis (2012). We also give a polynomial-time algorithm to a problem of generalized k-edge-connectivity.     

Class matters: interviewing across social class boundaries

In this paper, we explore the methodological implications of conducting qualitative interviews when researchers and participants come from different social classes. Singling out class on its own terms, rather than considering it as an auxiliary structural factor, we examine the unique challenges that arise during cross-class interviews. Such challenges, we contend, require researcher reflexivity about how researcher–participant interactions unfold and the ways in which knowledge is generated during the interview process. In our discussion, we draw on Bourdieu’s cultural view of social class to argue that cross-class dynamics between the researcher and the participant – along with the normalization of middle-class values often inherent in interview questions – create potential obstacles to establishing rapport and facilitating fertile conversation. We use examples from our own field research in a U.S. fast-food chain to illustrate these barriers. We also provide practical recommendations to researchers regarding how they can minimize class-based biases, reduce class saliency, and gain awareness of their own class positions during cross-class interviews.     

城市化、对外开放与人口红利——中国1979-2010年经济增长的实证

运用中国1979-2010年的人均GDP增长模型并辅之以序列平稳性、协整关系和序列相关等检验的分析表明,改革开放30多年来,中国经济增长获取了显著的人口红利,而城市化与对外开放等制度条件因素则进一步放大和提升了经济增长中的人口红利效应。文章认为,促使乡城迁移人口由"半城市化"状态向彻底城市化状态的转变以及增加对劳动力的人力资本投资以提高企业对外竞争力等措施对于中国经济增长继续获取人口红利而言至关重要。     

技术创新提质增量的双重监管困境及破解路径

技术创新量大质小以及对创新实质监管有效性不足是中国实现技术突破重要阻碍。文章从“量”和“质”两方面梳理了中国技术创新及其监管的特征事实和相关文献。在区分不同创新行为动机的基础上,构建理论模型推演企业创新提质增量的双重监管困境,再选取2008-2019年中国A股上市公司的全部数据,基于双重差分模型进行实证检验。研究发现：双重监管表现出对企业低质量创新行为的促进作用,但不能有效激励高质量创新行为,总体来说,双重监管能够增加创新数量而不能有效提升创新质量。为此,文章将理论与实际结合进一步探索双重监管困境的破解路径：以研发成果产业化、匹配补贴及对象和控制关键技术为目标从创新投入、创新过程和创新产出三方面完善监管链。     

对彼得一世改革的再诠释——“财政压力假说”的经验检验

历史上不少国家都发生过由治国者发动的自上而下的变革,而"财政压力说"则对这类变革有一定的解释力。扭转财政危机、维持国家的义理性是彼得一世改革的动因。彼得一世的改革,是他与贵族、教会、工商业者和农民各利益集团之间博弈均衡的过程。彼得一世改革的路径选择是:"甩包袱"与向"新兴财富"征税并举,发展工商业;"向所有利益集团征税",进行币制改革;"向相关利益集团征税",再分配教会和农民的财富。彼得一世改革成功的标志是:各利益集团以纳税支持彼得一世的统治;俄国战胜强大的瑞典,国防力量得到巩固,彼得一世统治的义理性得到提升。     

南京市浦口区养老机构现况调查与问题研究

对南京市浦口区各养老机构及从业人员、机构上报民政局的老年人进行问卷调查,分析现阶段南京市浦口区养老机构老年人对医养结合服务的需求及满意程度、从业人员配置及培训情况、机构运行情况及存在的问题,并提出建议。结果显示：老年人认为在医养结合服务中康复服务（16.5%）、精神慰藉（13.8%）方面较为欠缺,机构收费水平、健康体检为影响老年人满意程度的因素（P<0.05）;64.7%的从业人员接受过养老相关专业培训;取得养老资格证书和业务培训为影响从业人员对医养结合了解程度的因素（P<0.05）;目前养老机构获得政府支持较多,社会捐赠不足,服务形式有限。养老机构应加强专业照护人员队伍建设,医养结合服务形式有待丰富并完善,要加强与第三方社会组织的合作。     

储蓄率与经济增长关系——兼论索洛增长模型结论在中国的适用性

针对储蓄率影响经济增长存在的问题,基于1978-2007年的宏观数据,采用VAR模型分析了中国储蓄率与经济增长关系。结果表明,储蓄率对经济增长的影响虽然具有显著性,但影响程度相对较低。以中国的数据为例,不支持高的储蓄率带来高的经济增长率,索洛模型的主要结论在中国不适用。     

构建从农民到市民的连续谱——关于农民市民化政策的观察与评论

"农民市民化"政策是一个公共产品。作为公共产品,农民市民化转型的所有风险应该由政府承担。然而,由于财政困境,地方政府被迫发展出了一套政府、集体经济、个人三方一体的风险分担机制。这种分担机制的一个重要支柱就是要保证有一个强大的、有持续收益的、不能亏损的集体经济的存在,结果,这个集体经济又不断强化并塑造出了一批既不同于传统农民、也不同于现代市民的"食租者"群体及城市社区类型。因此,新的公共政策的调整应转向以强调个人能力发展为核心。