汉代童蒙教育中的儒家因素——以天才儿童形象的探讨为中心

作为天赋异禀的特殊群体,天才儿童早在汉代之前就已经出现;不过真正引起广泛的重视,则是迟至儒教确立的两汉之际才发生的。随着儒家童蒙教育趋于制度化,天才儿童们成为儒家思想的有力宣传者,以孝悌和笃学为中心的儒家品德,构成这些儿童事迹的主要内容,同时也进一步固定为后世的基本评价标准,长期以来儿童们需要依靠这些标准来确定自身的价值与声誉。天才儿童曲折地反映出时代的种种变化,从而构成了现实世界的某种镜像。其中最为引人注目的因素是儒教的影响。在儒教意识形态化的过程中,伴随着家族与社会的濡染,天才儿童成为现实儒家品行的载体。通过分析这些儿童形象的变迁与内涵,有助于更深刻地理解汉代儒家社会中童蒙教育的性质。     

Asymptotic ruin probabilities for proportional investment under interest force with dominatedly-varying-tailed claims

We study the asymptotic behavior of the ruin probabilities in the renewal risk model, in which the insurance company is allowed to invest a constant fraction of its wealth in a stock market which is described by a geometric Brownian motion and the remaining wealth in a bond with nonnegative interest force. We give the expression of the wealth process by the Itô formula, and finally we derive the asymptotic behavior of finite-time and infinite-time ruin probabilities in the presence of pairwise quasi-asymptotically independent claims with dominant varying tails for this model. In the particular case of compound Poisson model, explicit asymptotic expressions for the ruin probabilities are given with tails of regular variation, where the relation of the infinite-time ruin probability is the same as Gaier and Grandits (2004). For this case, we give some numerical results to assess the qualities of the asymptotic relations.     

Fiscal Decentralization,Satisfaction with Social Services,and Inequality Under the Hukou System

Social Indicators Research - It is generally agreed that decentralized decision-making is conducive to the efficient allocation of resources, but detrimental to the equitable redistribution of...     

Optimal Abort Rules for Multiattempt Missions

Many real‐world systems use mission aborts to enhance their survivability. Specifically, a mission can be aborted when a certain malfunction condition is met and a risk of a system loss in the case of a mission continuation becomes too high. Usually, the rescue or recovery procedure is initiated upon the mission abort. Previous works have discussed a setting when only one attempt to complete a mission is allowed and this attempt can be aborted. However, missions with a possibility of multiple attempts can occur in different real‐world settings when accomplishing a mission is really important and the cost‐related and the time‐wise restrictions for this are not very severe. The probabilistic model for the multiattempt case is suggested and the tradeoff between the overall mission success probability (MSP) and a system loss probability is discussed. The corresponding optimization problems are formulated. For the considered illustrative example, a detailed sensitivity analysis is performed that shows specifically that even when the system's survival is not so important, mission aborting can be used to maximize the multiattempt MSP.     

Methods improving the estimate of diagnostic odds ratio

Diagnostic odds ratio is defined as the ratio of the odds of the positivity of a diagnostic test results in the diseased population relative to that in the non-diseased population. It is a function of sensitivity and specificity, which can be seen as an indicator of the diagnostic accuracy for the evaluation of a biomarker/test. The naïve estimator of diagnostic odds ratio fails when either sensitivity or specificity is close to one, which leads the denominator of diagnostic odds ratio equal to zero. We propose several methods to adjust for such situation. Agresti and Coull’s adjustment is a common and straightforward way for extreme binomial proportions. Alternatively, estimation methods based on a more advanced sampling design can be applied, which systematically selects samples from underlying population based on judgment ranks. Under such design, the odds can be estimated by the sum of indicator functions and thus avoid the situation of dividing by zero and provide a valid estimation. The asymptotic mean and variance of the proposed estimators are derived. All methods are readily applied for the confidence interval estimation and hypothesis testing for diagnostic odds ratio. A simulation study is conducted to compare the efficiency of the proposed methods. Finally, the proposed methods are illustrated using a real dataset.     

海盗罪的国际法规制

为了打击海盗行为，16世纪以后，西方各国逐渐形成了关于海盗罪的国际习惯法体系。进入20世纪，国际社会开始致力于将惩治海盗的习惯法法典化。《尼翁协定》及《尼翁补充协定》是前期的主要成果。二战结束后，国际社会制定了《日内瓦公海公约》和《联合国海洋法公约》，对海盗罪的定义、构成要件及执法权限等作出了明确规定。上世纪80年代后，国际海事组织又制定了《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》、《关于海盗和海上暴力行为的示范国内法》等富于操作性的法律文件。     

Modified Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney Test and Power Against Strong Null

The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney (WMW) test is a popular rank-based two-sample testing procedure for the strong null hypothesis that the two samples come from the same distribution. A modified WMW test, the Fligner–Policello (FP) test, has been proposed for comparing the medians of two populations. A fact that may be under-appreciated among some practitioners is that the FP test can also be used to test the strong null like the WMW. In this article, we compare the power of the WMW and FP tests for testing the strong null. Our results show that neither test is uniformly better than the other and that there can be substantial differences in power between the two choices. We propose a new, modified WMW test that combines the WMW and FP tests. Monte Carlo studies show that the combined test has good power compared to either the WMW and FP test. We provide a fast implementation of the proposed test in an open-source software. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

塔式太阳能热发电中冷回热再热燃气轮机循环研究——功率与效率

用热力学方法研究了塔式太阳能热发电中冷回热再热三级不可逆闭式燃气轮机循环的功率和效率.通过数值分析方法,计算了中冷度、回热度对循环最优功率、最优效率及其中间压比分配的关系.与闭式中冷回热燃气轮机循环的功率和效率比较,最大平均功率、最优功率和最优功率效率都有很大的提高.     

科技与文化融合促产业文化化

提高广州制造业的文化元素和科技元素的含量,加强文化创意产业与制造业的融合,不仅是提升广州产业竞争力的良方,也是提升广州整体经济竞争力切实可行的举措.     

Status of an alien turtle in city park waters and its potential threats to local biodiversity: the red-eared slider in Beijing

Urban Ecosystems - Invasive alien species pose a serious threat to native biodiversity and the ecosystem structure through predation or competition, and this threat is especially severe in China....