Revisiting the ‘feminisation of poverty’ in Korea: focused on time use and time poverty

This study aims to analyse the feminisation of poverty in Korea focusing on time use and time poverty. Time conditions are compared for the categories of poor and non-poor men, and poor and non-poor women. Inequality in between-group and within-group working time is analysed through the Theil Index Decomposition. The analysis results reveal that women experience multiple poverties in the process of working long hours to ensure household survival. This phenomenon is more serious in the case of poor female household members. There are also high levels of inequality in unpaid work, which is mostly carried out by women.     

PRODUCTION, APPROPRIATION, AND INCOME TRANSFER

In a conflict between the prey and predator, the availability of income transfer option to the prey, given that defense is already an option, results in equilibrium where both defense and income transfer are utilized and the use of income transfer increases production efficiency by inducing either the prey or predator to divert resources from appropriation to production. The equilibrium amount of defense can be smaller because the prey has an interest in minimizing the amount of transfer that can be achieved in part by provoking a largest possible amount of offense from the predator if actual fight broke out.     

A longitudinal analysis of the relationships among daytime dysfunction,fatigue, and depression in college students

Objective: To examine the longitudinal trajectory of daytime dysfunction (DD) and its relationship with fatigue by depression status in university students.

Participants: 243 students completed online surveys from September- December 2016.

Methods: Surveys were conducted at three time points over a semester period: the beginning of the semester, the end of mid-term and the end of the semester.

Results: Results indicated that the DD significantly increased in all students over the semester. Students with depression showed a higher initial level of DD and faster rate of change compared to those without depression. A faster rate of change of DD predicted a higher level of end-semester fatigue.

Conclusions: Depression is related to a higher initial level of DD and its faster rate change which in turn, predicted end-semester fatigue, identifying one of the possible pathways through which depression impacts the functioning and health of affected students.     

Risk factors of NEET (Not in Employment,Education or Training) in South Korea: an empirical study using panel data

This study aims to analyse the risk factors for being in NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) in South Korea. More specifically, this study examines how individual and family characteristics at ages 16–17 affect the probability of being in NEET during 20–25 years old period using data from the Youth Panel Study. The analysis results reveal that the rate of NEET among poor youth is about four times higher than that of high-income group in 2014. And poverty, not having career plan and school dissatisfaction during high school period are related to the increased likelihood of being in NEET.     

Adolescent Social, Emotional, and School Adjustment in Mainland China

Recent research has indicated that Chinese adolescents face a variety of challenges and difficulties in socioemotional and school adjustment. It has been found that Chinese adolescents' social and behavioral problems, emotional disturbances, and academic difficulties are highly interrelated and contribute to each other during development. Protective and coping resources that are provided in the culture, including extensive family involvement, support and monitoring systems in school, and regulatory peer group and social networks, may effectively buffer negative effects of adolescent social, school, and psychological difficulties, particularly of an externalizing nature. However, since individual socioemotional well-being has traditionally been neglected in Chinese collectivistic culture, adolescent internalizing problems such as depressed feelings have not received adequate attention from professionals and the public.     

Human Rights-Based Child Sponsorship: A Case Study of ActionAid

Many NGOs which focus on development have operated child sponsorship programs due to their effectiveness in raising funds. Existing studies offer a critique of child sponsorship as a de-humanizing marketing strategy and as a targeted service provision. Some NGOs have revised their child sponsorship by integrating it with a rights-based approach (RBA), which emerged rejecting the individual focus and disempowering process of development intervention. The objection of other RBA NGOs to child sponsorship leaves questions about whether child sponsorship can fit an RBA. The aim of the present study is to explore how child sponsorship is perceived and practiced in relation to an RBA in an NGO. The findings from a case study of ActionAid present how an RBA guides ActionAid’s child sponsorship to promote empowerment, campaigning, solidarity and alternatives. This study identifies the potential of an RBA to address problematic marketing and operational practices of child sponsorship as well as remaining issues. The complexity of NGO practices when aligning organizational practices with an RBA warrants further examination.

     

A Summary of Selective Experimental Research on Psychosocial Interventions for Sexually Abused Children

This study was conducted to explore current trends in psychosocial interventions for sexually abused children through a review of recent research. Our comprehensive review is limited to published (quasi) experimental studies in the English language over a period of 2000–2013. It provides a detailed analysis of the final 18 articles that met our inclusion criteria, from the 670 potentially relevant articles that were identified. Reviewers analyzed candidate articles to determine whether they met inclusion or exclusion criteria. The retrieved studies reported positive results with respect to improvements in the negative psychosocial sequelae of child sexual abuse following the use of a diverse set of treatment strategies. Of the various interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy was shown to be the most promising type of intervention for sexually abused children. In this review, we discuss some of the implications of psychosocial interventions for victims of child sexual abuse, citing both the methodological and ethical issues that should be considered.     

Korean Migrants’ Transnational Activism in Australia: Collective Meaning Making around Human Rights

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - Despite a growing evidence of transmigrants’ political activism, empirical research is still in its infancy. This...     

Global activism and new media: A study of transnational NGOs’ online public relations

This study examines how transnational nongovernmental organizations make use of new media tools in their public relation activities and what factors influence their online public relations. A survey of communication representatives at 75 transnational NGOs based in the United States found that promoting the organization's image and fund-raising were the two most important functions of new media for the NGOs. Organizational capacity and main objective of the organization were significant predictors of NGOs’ new media use in their public relations. However, organizational efficiency and revenue did not significantly predict NGOs’ use of new media.     

Caregiving Youth Knowledge and Perceptions of Parental End-of-Life Wishes in Huntington’s Disease

Knowledge of patient end-of-life (EOL) wishes and discussions are vital for family caregivers, including children and youth who may be in caregiving roles (“young carers” or “caregiving youth”). However, little is known about caregiving youth awareness and perceptions of EOL issues. This study sought to explore caregiving youth knowledge of EOL wishes and their willingness for EOL discussions. Face-to-face interviews with 40 caregiving youth ages 10–20, who have a parent with Huntington’s disease (HD), provided information about their knowledge of the presence of their ill parent’s living will (LW) and durable power of attorney for health care (DPAHC), and willingness to talk with the parent about EOL choices and possibility of death. Less than one-half of the participants were aware of the parent’s LW or DPAHC. Content analysis revealed themes in reasons to want or not want EOL discussion with the parent: respect for the parent’s wishes, caregiving youths’ opinion not valued, and avoidance of EOL issues. Themes also included reasons to not want discussion with the parent about possibility of death: protecting the parent, parent in denial, parent not ready, and realization of the terminal outcome. Findings suggest HD patients and their caregiving youth need support for open EOL discussions, and could benefit from educational programs and support groups around EOL issues.