台湾社区工作:从“福利小区化”迈向“永续小区”

随着世界小区化服务潮流,自20世纪90年代中期以后,台湾各公共领域之以"小区化"为主轴的服务方案如雨后春笋般的出现."福利小区化"与"小区营造"是其中最获重视的两项计划;经过十余年的推动,"台湾健康小区六星计划"的出现,不仅包含了前两项计划的内容,同时也使小区建设扩展至诸如产业、环境、治安、人文等六个方面;永续小区发展策略在反思以前小区建设经验与问题的基础上出现.检视过去十余年来台湾小区工作发展脉络,特别是从"福利小区化"、"小区营造"到"健康小区六星计划"发展路径,可发现台湾小区工作发展具有多方面借鉴意义;应该从理念、政策和实务多角度省思,以有助于迈向"永续小区".     

良治型政府理論與澳門經濟發展

本文從有關良治型政府理論及主要觀點的角度,探討良治型政府理論在澳門的實踐,以及在CEPA框架下澳門政府扮演的經濟角色與可能存在的風險。本文認為應該從增強澳門經濟多元性以及改善制度建設來完善澳門經濟政策。     

走向双性化的性别角色教育

性别角色教育的缺失和单性化的性别角色教育是当前性别角色教育中存在的两种误区.贝姆的性别角色发展模式理论和性别角色与心理适应的实证研究为实施双性化的性别角色教育提供了理论依据,通过家庭教育、学校教育以及社会教育的共同努力进行双性化的性别角色教育是造就适应社会发展、推动社会进步的优秀人才的一种有意义的尝试.     

“镇改市”过程中的制约因素与改革进路

“镇改市”是我国基层行政体制改革的试验,也是在新型城镇化过程中对基层行政区划改革做出的有益尝试。以构建大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的城镇化空间格局为目标指向,通过激活中小城市的发展“命脉”,改变单纯依靠经济推动乡镇发展的路径依赖,实现“农民城”向新型城镇的跨越,是中国经济发展的新探索。然而,随着改革的推进,缺位的行政规划设计、有限的乡镇管理能力、被异化的政绩观念、社会组织发育不成熟以及市民文化普及不到位等,对“镇改市”的推进造成一定程度的制约,成为“镇改市”过程中难以回避的现实问题。问题的化解离不开政策的引导、技术的支持和法治的保障,这三个维度相互联系、缺一不可,共同为“镇改市”改革的顺利实施“保驾护航”。     

Women on boards and bank efficiency in ASEAN-5: the moderating role of the independent directors

Corporate governance codes around the world promote women’s presence in corporate board. The extant literature suggests women directors contribute to improve monitoring and advisory role of the board. This study aims to examine the role of independent women directors in improving banks’ efficiency. Using 102 commercial banks from ASEAN-5 countries for a period of 1999–2012, we run generalized method of moments models to test the relationship between the variables. Our results show that banks with independent women directors on board contribute significantly to the bank’s efficiency level. Contrary to the literature, we found that the appointment of women directors or independent directors alone does not significantly enhance banks’ efficiency. The result suggests that women directors are more effective on boards if they are also appointed as independent directors. This finding implies that a combination of corporate governance mechanism is more powerful than relying on a single element of corporate governance.     

Online bin packing of fragile objects with application in cellular networks

We study a specific bin packing problem which arises from the channel assignment problems in cellular networks. In cellular communications, frequency channels are some limited resource which may need to share by various users. However, in order to avoid signal interference among users, a user needs to specify to share the channel with at most how many other users, depending on the user’s application. Under this setting, the problem of minimizing the total channels used to support all users can be modeled as a specific bin packing problem as follows: Given a set of items, each with two attributes, weight and fragility. We need to pack the items into bins such that, for each bin, the sum of weight in the bin must be at most the smallest fragility of all the items packed into the bin. The goal is to minimize the total number of bins (i.e., the channels in the cellular network) used. We consider the on-line version of this problem, where items arrive one by one. The next item arrives only after the current item has been packed, and the decision cannot be changed. We show that the asymptotic competitive ratio is at least 2. We also consider the case where the ratio of maximum fragility and minimum fragility is bounded by a constant. In this case, we present a class of online algorithms with asymptotic competitive ratio at most of 1/4+3r/2, for any r>1. A preliminary version of this paper appeared in Proc. of Workshop on Internet and Network Economics (WINE’05, pp. 564–573). The research of W.-T.C. was supported in part by Hong Kong RGC grant HKU5172/03E. The research of F.Y.-L.C. was supported in part by Hong Kong RGC Grant HKU7142/03E. The research of D.Y. was supported by NSFC (10601048). The research of G.Z. was supported in part by NSFC (60573020).