18世纪俄国居民生活状况的历史考察

18世纪俄国与西方世界建立起密切的经济和文化联系,现代化进程显著加快,经济发展顺利,俄国的大国地位进一步巩固.但由于对外战争和结构性改革以及特权阶层追求西方化生活,赋税提高,居民的物质状况恶化,生活水平下降.     

私立研究中心:拉美高等教育发展现状与变化

在拉丁美洲,私立研究中心引领了社会和政策领域的研究热点.与公立大学相比,它们发展得更成熟,成果更丰富,也更具影响力.巴西私立高等教育由不同文化背景的、具有历史沿袭的团体组织构成,毕达哥拉斯学院是其中新兴的第三种办学模式,堪比凤凰城；智利的高等教育日益向私有化发展,私立高等教育已经成为高等教育的主导,并利用有限的经费获得了较高的学术能力；墨西哥私立高等教育类型多样,低端或需求满足型学校数量众多；乌拉圭是拉美最后一个批准私立高校的国家,其私立高等教育发展较迟的原因在于天主教对社会的影响较小、公立教育的质量较高以及国家对私立高校的约束较强,但私立高等教育仍与公立高等教育在研究生教育领域展开了新的竞争.本刊已连续四期刊登菲利普·G.阿尔特巴赫《私立高等教育:全球革命》(2005年)一书的部分文章,这期刊登该书有关拉丁美洲私立高等教育的相关文章,以飨读者(标题系编者所加).     

解决方案式营销才能卖高价!

大多数企业的销售方法已经过时,它们要做的是卖价值而不仅仅是卖东西,是帮客户解决问题,而不仅仅是提供某种产品。今天的市场环境要求销售人员能够准确把握买方所处的销售阶段,了解他们的需求点。     

A Telephone Intervention for Substance-Using Adult Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence

OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily evaluate telephone-delivered motivational enhancement therapy (MET) in motivating unadjudicated and nontreatment seeking intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators, who also use substances, to self-refer into treatment. METHOD: 124 adult men were recruited via a multimedia marketing campaign and were randomly assigned to the intervention (MET) or comparison group following a baseline assessment. Participants in the MET condition received a personalized feedback report on their IPV and substance-use behaviors, consequences, and social norms beliefs. RESULTS: Results supported the likely effectiveness of MET in short-term reduction of IPV behavior, increasing motivation for treatment seeking, and changing perceived norms for IPV and substance abuse (SA). CONCLUSIONS: Applications for brief MET interventions to facilitate voluntary treatment entry among substance-using IPV perpetrators are discussed.     

《西伯利亚的萨满教》一书评介

《西伯利亚的萨满教》(Shamanism in Sibe-ria)一书,由 V·狄奥斯泽吉(Vilmos Diószegi)和 M·霍帕尔(M·Hoppál)编著,S·西蒙自俄文和匈牙利文译出,1978年布达佩斯匈牙利科学院出版,英国科利斯(Collets)出版公司发行。据这本饶有兴味的图书介绍,在欧亚大陆北部以及中亚和北美诸民族中,作为“人类和精神世界之间的占卜者、巫医和请神者”的萨满的存在是一     

苏丹的因加萨纳人

因加萨纳人(或称塔比塔人)是苏丹许多部族之一,约有三万人,居住在苏丹东南与埃塞俄比亚相邻的青尼罗省北纬10°—12°的地方。因加萨纳人昔日曾是勇敢的武士,今天仍是其主权、尊严、习俗以及独特生活方式的忠诚捍卫者。起源因加萨纳人几乎是一个没有历史的民族。包括他们自己在内没有人知道他们     

在公共服务递送中运营共同生产：服务蓝图的贡献

本文认为,公共服务应从以产品为主导的逻辑转向服务途径。通过采取服务导向,公共服务递送的经验性、组织间和系统性,以及作为共同生产者的服务使用者角色,将一同被考虑。论文将通过服务蓝图的应用,解释共同生产如何操作。并介绍了高等教育中的一个案例。在这一案例中,蓝图的创建将师生汇聚在一起,专注于学生入学的设计,从而改善学生体验,并支持共同生产。      

Opportunities for woman-initiated HIV prevention methods among female sex workers in southern China

Rapid changes in China over the past two decades have led to significant problems associated with population migration and changing social attitudes, including a growing sex industry and concurrent increases in STIs and HIV. This article reports results of an exploratory study of microbicide acceptability and readiness and current HIV prevention efforts among female sex workers in two rural and one urban town in Hainan and Guangxi Provinces in southern China. The study focused on these women's knowledge and cultural understandings of options for protecting themselves from exposure to STIs and HIV, and the potential viability and acceptability of woman-initiated prevention methods. We report on ethnographic elicitation interviews conducted with women working within informal sex-work establishments (hotels, massage and beauty parlors, roadside restaurants, boarding houses). We discuss implications of these findings for further promotion of woman-initiated prevention methods such as microbicides and female condoms among female sex workers in China.     

Contraceptive use patterns within females' first sexual relationships: the role of relationships, partners, and methods

This study used the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to assess whether characteristics of females' sexual partners, relationships, and choice of contraceptive methods were associated with contraceptive use patterns within their first sexual relationship. White, black, and Hispanic females under age 25 (N=915) provided retrospective information on sexual activity and contraceptive use for first sexual relationships that occurred between 1991 and 1995. Females with older sexual partners and with same race/ethnicity partners (among Hispanics) had reduced odds of ever using contraception and/or uninterrupted use. Longer sexual relationships were associated with higher odds of ever using contraception but lower odds of uninterrupted use. Females who were older at first sex, who used hormonal methods (among whites), or who switched to more effective methods during their first sexual relationships had higher odds of ever using contraception and/or uninterrupted use. In contrast, switching to less effective methods during a first sexual relationship was associated with reduced odds of uninterrupted use.