爱因斯坦的社会政治观点

列宁在《论战斗唯物主义的意义》一文中称阿·爱因斯坦为伟大的自然科学革新家,而唯心主义者总想将爱因斯坦当作他们的同伙,“拚命抓住爱因斯坦不放”。资产阶级思想家引证自然科学家个别的、哲学上软弱无力的论断,千方百计想将他们变成自己的同盟者。因此必须从辩证唯物主义的立场仔细地研究他们的科学著作,研究他们的世界观和社会政治观点。     

道德教育的理论和实践

本文从两个方面论述道德教育:道德教育是共产主义教育体系的一个环节;道德教育本身的复杂性。一属于哲学范畴的伦理学是教育理论的方法论。历史表明,伦理学的主要对象就是道德教育。每种道德体系都有一个与它的阶级基础和时代的历史任务相适应的人的价值标准形象。处在这个形象中心的是对人、对人生意义、对人的社会地位的伦理哲学观体系。     

六十年代—七十年代民主德国社会政策文献中关于社会政策的理论问题

分析民主德国的社会政策,它的共性和特点,以及社会政策进一步发展的客观规律性,无论在实践上,还是在理论上,都是一个重大任务。必须指出,在研究确定六十年代-七十年代期间     

Neighborhood context and racial differences in early adolescent sexual activity

Evidence suggests that African American youths initiate sexual activity at earlier ages than do European American or Latino youths. Using data from a multilevel study in Chicago, we developed and tested a neighborhood-based model of the timing of first adolescent intercourse that emphasizes the impact of neighborhood structural disadvantage and collective efficacy on early sexual activity (at ages 11 to 16). In turn, we explored the extent to which neighborhood factors account for racial differences in the timing of first intercourse. The findings indicate that demographic background, family processes, peer influences, and developmental risk factors account for about 30% of the baseline increased likelihood of early sexual onset for African American youths compared with European American youths. However, a significant residual racial difference remained even after we considered a host of micro-level factors. Neighborhood-level concentrated poverty largely explained this residual racial difference. Collective efficacy also independently contributed to the delay of sexual onset. No significant baseline difference in age of sexual initiation was found between Latino and European American youths.     

Ethics in behavioral genetics research

As research in behavioral genetics uncovers the genetic contribution to human behavior, it will undoubtedly further our understanding of normal human variation in many behavioral traits, such as personality, intelligence, and sexuality. This research also shows great potential for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses. Recent findings underscore this potential and document the increasing validity of research methods--methods that in the past have led to mistaken inferences about genes "for" violent behavior and homosexuality. Although all research with human subjects requires adequate attention to its ethical aspects, certain ethical issues involved with behavioral genetics are particularly acute and deserve careful attention. This article reviews these selected major ethical issues arising in (1) the conduct of behavioral genetics research; and (2) the application of its research findings. While some of the ethical concerns in the latter category are likely to be of substantial importance and animate considerable popular concern, they currently fall outside the realm of traditional research review. Determining how to deal with these concerns should be a focus of future scholarly work.     

蒙古语族语言中的形动词体系

蒙古语中的动词有两种形式:人称动词,无人称动词。人称动词又被称为有人称结尾变化的动词,在句子中该动词与行为的主、客体都要发生关系,担当句子的谓语。蒙古语中动词有各种"式"的变化形式。无人称形式又称无结尾变化的动词形式,包括形动词和副动词两种。无人称动词不直接和行为主体发生关系,不能担当句子的谓语成分。这类动词借助主要行为动词,使动词和名词、副词发生关系。根据人或物体行为完成的方式和与他们的关系,形动词能够确定人或物体的特点,例如,蒙古语:унасанчулуу"正在落下的石头",миниишидсзнчулуун"被我抛出的石头",由此可以看出形动词在某种功能意义上与形容词的功能意义差不多,他们之间的主要的差别是:形容词说