虚拟世界中的通货膨胀现象探析

网络游戏的虚拟世界中存在一种类似于现实世界中的通货膨胀现象.虚拟世界的通胀主要表现为游戏中的虚拟货币与商品实际价值持续地下降.由于游戏世界经济体系的不稳定性与脆弱性,虚拟财富的稀缺性持续下降,从而使其相对于真实货币趋于贬值.严重的通胀将危及游戏世界的稳定,因此,游戏设计者应尽力提高和改进游戏世界的经济机制设计,同时将现实世界中一般化的经济与法律支持引入虚拟世界,也是非常有必要的.     

A team level investigation of the relationship between Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) differentiation,and commitment and performance

Although the differential treatment of team members by their leader is at the heart of Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) theory, empirical studies exploring the role of within-team LMX differentiation in relation to team outcomes are still relatively scarce. This study among 269 Dutch secondary school teachers from 33 different teams tested the hypotheses that the relationship between LMX differentiation and team commitment, and team performance is moderated by LMX-quality median. Moreover, we hypothesized that team members' perceived dissimilarity regarding work values and orientations would be positively related to within-team LMX differentiation. Teachers completed questionnaires on LMX-quality, dissimilarity, and team commitment, whereas team performance was rated by school principals. Results indeed showed that LMX differentiation is positively related to both outcome variables in teams with a low LMX-quality median only. As expected, more perceived dissimilarity between team members was related to more within-team variability in LMX-scores. These results contribute to knowledge on hypothetical antecedents and consequences of LMX differentiation at the team level.     

非政府组织参与社会治理的问题与对策探究--以辽宁省为例

在社会多元化背景下,非政府组织参与社会治理的功能和作用逐渐被承认,对传统的社会管理模式造成了冲击和挑战。社会管理体制和技术的创新,允许辽宁省非政府组织通过提供综合志愿服务、保护与改善生态环境、参与维护社会公平与正义和加快基层民主进程,补充政府能力和资源的不足,取得良好的治理成果。为了确保辽宁省非政府组织继续健康发展,并积极地服务社会、参与治理,需从社会治理的制度支持和非政府组织的主体能力、人力资源管理、资金管理等方面加强建设。     

论儒家“比德”思想对中国园林艺术的影响

中国园林的发展离不开佛、道、儒三家文化的长足浸润,但其中尤以儒家思想为主导。长期居于中国社会意识形态统治地位的儒家思想,极大地推动了中国园林的发展,并促成了中国园林体系的形成。而儒家的"比德"观,因为直接将园林里的山水、草木、鱼虫等构成要素与人格对应,对于中国古典园林风格的形成显得尤为重要。"比德"思想还对中国古典园林的"意境"形成产生了极为深远的影响。从比德思想的内涵、起源及在传统园林里的表现等角度,探讨"比德"思想与中国园林的紧密关系。     

毛泽东组织文化建设思想初探

中国共产党领导的新民主主义革命和社会主义建设是在生产力不发达,物质条件极度落后的条件下进行的。革命和建设的成功,从组织管理的角度看,不可忽视的重要因素就是组织文化的成功塑造。毛泽东组织文化集中的表述是思想统一,行动一致,个人服从组织。毛泽东培育了优良的组织文化,形成一个积极、健康、向上的组织氛围,极大地调动了成员的积极性,形成一个高凝聚力的群体,为组织目标的实现提供了强大的精神动力和保证。     

浅谈拉赫玛尼诺夫《第一钢琴协奏曲》和《第二钢琴协奏曲》的音乐内涵

本文就拉赫玛尼诺夫第一钢琴协奏曲和第二钢琴协奏曲中的一些边缘性的问题 ,展开了详实的论述和概括 ,希望对于钢琴音乐的爱好者和演奏者都有所帮助和启示     

由《倾城之恋》看张爱玲笔下女性的生存困境

张爱玲熟悉旧式家庭在现代都市的衰朽,尤其了解女性在现代社会中的生存处境。在《倾城之恋》中,她悲凉 地揭示出女性的生存困境和她们遭受的精神创伤,同时也指出,女性只有争取经济的独立和自主,才能摆脱这种困 境。     

Ratio-Scale Measurement with Intransitivity or Incompleteness: The Homogeneous Case

In the homogeneous case of one-dimensional objects, we show that any relation that is positive and homothetic can be represented by a ratio-scale and a unique and constant biasing factor. This factor may favor or disfavor the preference for an object over another. In the first case, preferences are complete but not transitive and an object may be preferred even when its value is lower. In the second case, preferences are asymmetric and transitive but not negatively transitive and it may not be sufficient for an object to have a greater value to be preferred. In this manner, the biasing factor reflects the extent to which preferences may depart from a maximization process.