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1.
The discovery of participatory research as a new scientific paradigm: Personal and intellectual accounts 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Peter Park 《The American Sociologist》1992,23(4):29-42
The article presents considerations for the placing of participatory research in the practice of sociology. The changing conditions
in contemporary society have compelled social scientists to rethink the way social theory has been conceptualized and has
been practiced in relation to social change. Modernist social theory, of which sociology is a prime example, has been imbued
with the biases of the Enlightenment that privilege the essentialized male rational actor set above the ordinary people. As
a consequence it has produced narratives and practices that are not in the interest of the people, especially those who have
been dominated and oppressed. In order to live up to the potential of sociology as a vehicle for the improvement of social
conditions, it must include the interest and the wisdom of the people in its researching and theorizing activities. It is
argued that participatory research provides an opportunity to follow this course in sociology. Participatory research, it
is contended, will lead to a paradigm shift in the social sciences because it is based on an expanded conception of knowledge
and because it changes the relationship between the researcher and the researched and between theory and practice. Arguments
are drawn from the history of science, critical theory, and postmodernist and feminist critiques.
Peter Park is currently on the faculty of the Fielding Institute. 相似文献
2.
An important characteristic of high-tech industries is decreasing component prices over time. In the personal computer industry, some component prices decline at a rate of 1% per week. This paper develops an inventory model for products experiencing continuous decrease in unit price. We develop an accurate closed-form approximate solution to the model. Our results indicate that declining prices lead to substantial decrease in the optimal cycle time and much frequent ordering. This explains the heavy emphasis on just-in-time inventory management practiced by successful companies in high-tech industries. While previous models attributed the success of just-in-time policies to reduced holding cost and improved quality, under declining prices a substantial source of savings becomes lower costs of raw materials which is significant part of cost in these industries. We illustrate the results of the model with a numerical example and perform sensitivity analysis. 相似文献
3.
Sangun Park 《Statistical Papers》2005,46(2):293-301
This article gives a simple result for the expression of the Fisher information in order statistics. This result enables us
to calculate easily the Fisher information in any set of order statistics whose details have been known to be messy and complicated.
We consider here its application in the optimal spacing problem where the exact Fisher information in order statistics has
been approximated with the asymptotic information or the reciprocal of the variance of a suitable estimator.
This work was supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant(KRF-2000-015-DP0056) 相似文献
4.
This study investigates the extent and nature of housing affordability for elderly nonmetropolitan female heads of household
using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results indicate that over one-third of elderly nonmetropolitan female
heads of household experience housing poverty and that those who rent, who have fair to poor health, and who are minorities
are particularly vulnerable. Housing affordability, measured by the concept of housing poverty, identifies households struggling
to meet basic needs while the conventional 25% of income for housing expenditures ratio identifies a larger population. The
findings suggest the need for multifaceted public policies to address the problem of housing poverty.
Her research interests include housing affordability, housing and community vitality, and decision making. She received her
Ph.D. from Purdue University.
Sooyoun Park is in the same department as a Project Assistant on a USDA-funded research project entitled “Housing Affordability
in Rural Areas,” which is a joint project between Nebraska and Wisconsin. Her research interests focus on housing management
behavior in relation to housing expenditure burden. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 相似文献
5.
To reduce nonresponse bias in sample surveys, a method of nonresponse weighting adjustment is often used which consists of multiplying the sampling weight of the respondent by the inverse of the estimated response probability. The authors examine the asymptotic properties of this estimator. They prove that it is generally more efficient than an estimator which uses the true response probability, provided that the parameters which govern this probability are estimated by maximum likelihood. The authors discuss variance estimation methods that account for the effect of using the estimated response probability; they compare their performances in a small simulation study. They also discuss extensions to the regression estimator. 相似文献
6.
In the design of experiments for estimating the slope of a response surface, slope-rotatability is a desirable property. In this paper, a measure is introduced that enables us to assess the degree of slope-rotatability for a given response surface design. The measure takes the value zero if and only if the design is slope-rotatable, and becomes larger as the design deviates from a slope-rotatable design. Examples of applying this measure to some response surface designs are also given. 相似文献
7.
In multiple linear regression analysis, each observation affects the fitted regression equation differently and has varying influences on the regression coefficients of the different variables. Chatterjee & Hadi (1988) have proposed some measures such as DSSEij (Impact on Residual Sum of Squares of simultaneously omitting the ith observation and the jth variable), Fj (Partial F-test for the jth variable) and Fj(i) (Partial F-test for the jth variable omitting the ith observation) to show the joint impact and the interrelationship that exists among a variable and an observation. In this paper we have proposed more extended form of those measures DSSEIJ, FJ and FJ(I) to deal with the interrelationships that exist among the multiple observations and a subset of variables by monitoring the effects of the simultaneous omission of multiple variables and multiple observations. 相似文献
8.
Research on inter‐organizational relationships has largely focused on the interdependence between formal organizations. In recent years, firms have encountered a new logic in which interdependent parties are not formal organizations but platform‐based ‘customer‐entrepreneurs’ that create value through illegal means. Drawing on a 5‐year‐long qualitative study, we examine how firms recognize and instantiate this new logic and, consequently, respond to their interdependencies with customer‐entrepreneurs. Viewed through the lens of institutional logic, we find that, with the benefit of hindsight, firms recognize the existence of the logic of customer entrepreneurship, which triggers organizational sensemaking that is made up of three elements: interpretation of legitimacy compatibility; interpretation of efficiency compatibility; and integration of stakeholder perspectives. This sensemaking results in either a determined account concluding on the compatibility calculus in a top‐down manner, or an open‐ended account avoiding the construction of a resolute, synthesized view. A determined account leads to a defiance strategy, by which firms attempt to remove the source of interdependencies with customer‐entrepreneurs, whereas an open‐ended account guides firms to espouse a decoupling strategy, whereby firms covertly resort to efficiency maximization enabled by the interdependence. Our results offer implications for the research on inter‐organizational relationships and institutional logic. 相似文献
9.
This research provides a generalized framework to disaggregate lower-frequency time series and evaluate the disaggregation performance. The proposed framework combines two models in separate stages: a linear regression model to exploit related independent variables in the first stage and a state–space model to disaggregate the residual from the regression in the second stage. For the purpose of providing a set of practical criteria for assessing the disaggregation performance, we measure the information loss that occurs during temporal aggregation while examining what effects take place when aggregating data. To validate the proposed framework, we implement Monte Carlo simulations and provide two empirical studies. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. 相似文献
10.
We propose an exploratory data analysis approach when data are observed as intervals in a nonparametric regression setting. The interval-valued data contain richer information than single-valued data in the sense that they provide both center and range information of the underlying structure. Conventionally, these two attributes have been studied separately as traditional tools can be readily used for single-valued data analysis. We propose a unified data analysis tool that attempts to capture the relationship between response and covariate by simultaneously accounting for variability present in the data. It utilizes a kernel smoothing approach, which is conducted in scale-space so that it considers a wide range of smoothing parameters rather than selecting an optimal value. It also visually summarizes the significance of trends in the data as a color map across multiple locations and scales. We demonstrate its effectiveness as an exploratory data analysis tool for interval-valued data using simulated and real examples. 相似文献