Finding education: Stories of how young former refugees constituted strategic identities in order to access school

Educators in resettlement countries are grappling with ways to adequately engage and meet the needs of newly arrived refugee students. In this article we argue that to fully meet the needs of refugee students a deeper understanding of their educational experience as ‘a refugee’ prior to resettlement is vital. In particular we foreground the stories of three young former refugees and explore the ways in which they actively constructed new identities in order to access school in their host countries, prior to resettlement. This article discusses how the negative discursive positioning of ‘the refugee’ in the world today has limited the resources and access to education for young refugees. It concludes by arguing that as these students move into education in Australia there is a danger to quickly relabel young former refugees with deficit terms rather than opening up a discourse to include the intricate complexities of each refugee experience.     

A Novel Time Series Approach to Bridge Coding Changes with a Consistent Solution Across Causes of Death

Revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) can lead to biases in cause-specific mortality levels and trends. We propose a novel time series approach to bridge ICD coding changes which provides a consistent solution across causes of death. Using a state space model with interventions, we performed time series analysis to cause-proportional mortality for ICD9 and ICD10 in the Netherlands (1979–2010), Canada (1979–2007) and Italy (1990–2007) on chapter level. A constraint was used to keep the sum of cause-specific interventions zero. Comparability ratios (CRs) were estimated and compared to existing bridge coding CRs for Italy and Canada. A significant ICD9 to ICD10 transition occurred among 13 cause of death groups in Italy, 7 in Canada and 3 in the Netherlands. Without the constraint, all-cause mortality after the classification change would be overestimated by 0.4 % (NL), 0.03 % (Canada) and 0.2 % (Italy). The time series CRs were in the same direction as the bridge coding CRs but deviated more from 1. A smooth corrected trend over the ICD-transition resulted from applying the time series approach. Comparing the time series CRs for Italy (2003), Canada (1999) and the Netherlands (1995) revealed interesting commonalities and differences. We demonstrated the importance of adding the constraint, the validity of our methodology and its advantages above earlier methods. Applying the method to more specific causes of death and integrating medical content to a larger extent is advocated.     

Disentangling mode-specific selection and measurement bias in social surveys

A large-scale mixed-mode experiment linked to the Dutch Crime Victimization Survey was conducted in 2011. The experiment consisted of two waves; one wave with random assignment to one of the modes web, paper, telephone and face-to-face, and one follow-up wave to the full sample with interviewer modes only.The objective of the experiment is to estimate total mode effects and more specifically the corresponding mode effect components arising from undercoverage, nonresponse and measurement.In this paper, mode-specific selection and measurement bias are defined, and estimators for the bias terms based on the experimental design are introduced and discussed. The proposed estimators are applied to a number of key survey variables from the Labour Force Survey and the Crime Victimization Survey.     

社会理性解析及其现实意义

制度设计提供社会的共同基础 ,反映社会系统的规范追求 ,昭示人们的行为去向和禁区 ,是社会改革与变迁的前提 ,也是社会工程活动的核心环节。制度设计的基础和依据是社会理性 ,社会理性是社会结构性规定和过程性规定的内在统一。对结构性关系和因果性关系的统分结合分析是社会理性概念存在的原因。用社会理性指导社会制度设计 ,是社会工程活动的基本环节。     

杂交中稻超多蘖壮秧少穴高产栽培研究——Ⅰ:超多蘖壮秧少穴栽培杂交中稻的生育动态及经济性状

杂交中稻超多蘖壮秧少穴栽培是一项旨在进一步提高杂交中稻产量水平和降低生产成本的新型栽培技术。其核心是在秧田培育出单株苗数达15苗左右的超多蘖壮秧而在本田大幅度降低单位面积的栽插穴数,充分利用杂交稻的个体生理优势和少穴栽培的稻田环境优势达到高产高效。1991年在三台县西平镇以汕优63为材料进行了多重复的试验,比较了6种少穴栽培和常规栽培水稻的生育动态、经济性状和产量。结果表明,与常规栽培相比,少穴栽培可通过杂交中稻强大的分蘖优势来保证田间适宜的总苗数,同时能有效地控制群体最高苗,并且在此基础上争取多粒大穗。无论每穴单株双株,每公顷植90.0千穴、112.5千穴、135.0千穴和157.5千穴都可比常规穴数(每公顷245.5千穴)栽培显著增产。其中,每穴单株以每公顷112.5千穴产量最高,双株以每公顷135.0千穴最高。