生态学和文化:一种过程的研究方法

文章在与中国文化哲学相对话的语境中介绍了过程哲学家对于宇宙、自然和生命等的六种共同观念 ,以及过程哲学关于宇宙的 1 2种观念、关于生态伦理学、关于存在不同等级的精神、关于作为人类之存在方式的文化等的基本观点 ,并进行了在西方文化与东方文化之间、过程哲学与文化哲学之间建立相互理解的桥梁的尝试。     

走向一种温和的苦行主义

对于建设性的后现代主义者来说,怀特海的过程哲学和中国传统文化之间有着很多本质上的一致性,例如,关于关联性宇宙的理念,人和宇宙之间的感通以及社区和谐对于人类的意义等.这些理念对于克服消费主义文化具有重大价值.消费主义正在全球泛滥,尤其是在中国和美国这两个对世界未来有着重要影响的国家里.为此,我们不妨发展一种温和的苦行主义以达到克服消费主义文化的目的.     

A General Behavior Model and New Definitions of Organizational Cultures

Current definitions of organization/corporate cultures overemphasize long-run equilibrium and underplay short-run dynamics; they stress commonalities and overlook diversities, underscore emic analyses and lose sights of etic analyses, and separate the intangible from the tangible; plus are “model unfriendly.” As an alternative approach addressing these problems, we propose a new General Behavioral Model (GBM) and then derive two new definitions of OC that view organizational cultures as [1] accumulated choices and [2] interactions among critical masses of people. Theoretical characteristics and managerial implications are discussed.     

Divorce,Race, and Military Service: More Than Equal Pay and Equal Opportunity

Several researchers have suggested that the persistently higher rate of divorce among Blacks may be due to hard‐to‐measure concepts such as culture or norms. To attack this problem, we use data from the NLSY‐79 to examine the risk of divorce among enlisted active‐duty military servicemen where economic differences and the negative effects of discrimination are minimized. Our results indicate that military service reduces the likelihood of marital dissolution among Blacks serving in the Army and that this finding is not likely the result of unobserved selectivity. We attribute the latter finding to the fact that the Army has a well‐defined career ladder for Blacks that fully integrates them into leadership positions providing role models and positive work environments that reduce stress associated with discrimination and promote stable marriages.     

Explaining the Long Reach of Fathers’ Prenatal Involvement on Later Paternal Engagement

The present study examined the association between unmarried fathers’ prenatal involvement and fathers’ engagement later in the child’s life. The study sample consisted of 1,686 fathers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Findings using multiple regressions revealed that fathers’ prenatal involvement is significantly and positively associated with levels of fathers’ engagement at Years 1 and 3. This association was partially explained by fathers’ transitions from unemployment to employment and to a greater extent by fathers’ transitions from nonresidential to residential relationships with the child’s mother.