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71.
Jessica J. Chapman 《The Senses and Society》2020,15(1):54-69
ABSTRACTThis article explores the technical limitations of audio recordings and how those limitations impact the reliability of sound evidence in police use of force cases. In audiovisual recordings, audio is often assumed neutral, redundant or to have the same limitations as its visual counterpart. Bringing together film theorist Michel Chion’s concept of audio-vision and the technical specifications of mobile audio recording, this article highlights how design priorities and compression processes can influence the way sound evidence is perceived. By failing to acknowledge audio recordings as distinct from their visual counterparts, they are rendered invisible and are therefore under scrutinized throughout legal processes. This neglect becomes notably problematic in cases of police use of force where audio/visual recordings often work to bolster the already privileged officer testimony. 相似文献
72.
Jessica Schultz 《Sociological Forum》2011,26(3):581-600
The present study will examine energy consumption from two competing perspectives within environmental social science: political economy and ecological modernization. These frameworks will be evaluated with a fixed‐effects panel analysis of state‐level energy use between the years 1960 and 1990, based on data for 50 states plus Washington, DC, from the Energy Information Administration’s State Energy Data System. The results from the panel analysis show that the increase in total energy use between 1960 and 1990 depended on both increasing economic growth and urbanization, even after controlling for population size, industrialization, and inflation‐adjusted energy prices. The results challenge the claims of ecological modernization theory and support a political economic approach to the study of changes in energy use. In the conclusion, the study’s findings will be framed within the context of the early twenty‐first‐century economic and ecological crises. In light of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, this study can also further advance the renewable energy debate by reminding us of the social drivers of energy use. 相似文献
73.
Sport participation and positive development in older persons 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Joseph Baker Jessica Fraser-Thomas Rylee A. Dionigi Sean Horton 《European review of aging and physical activity》2010,7(1):3-12
In many Western countries, more and more people are living longer. As part of this demographic shift, increasing numbers are
participating in Masters sport. In the past, sport was considered important for the development of young people; however,
the potential for sport participation to affect positive development across the lifespan is now recognized. The purpose of
this paper is to introduce conceptual frameworks from developmental psychology that are being used to understand youths’ positive
development through sport, and to explore these frameworks in the context of sport as an avenue for positive development in
older persons. To achieve this aim, we outline research on sport participation as it applies to youth development and consider
relevant aspects as they broadly apply to development later in life. This discussion highlights the inherent paradox of sport
participation—that it has the potential to provide considerable positive growth but also the potential for significant negative
consequences. Finally, we explore areas of future research related to positive development in older persons through sport. 相似文献
74.
75.
Risk Perception, Federal Spending, and the Savannah River Site: Attitudes of Hunters and Fishermen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joanna Burger Jessica Sanchez J. Whitfield Gibbons Michael Gochfeld 《Risk analysis》1997,17(3):313-320
This paper examines the attitudes of 285 hunters and fishermen from South Carolina about hunting and fishing, risk, environmental issues, and future land use of the Savannah River Site. We test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in hunting and fishing rates, attitudes toward the safety of fish and deer obtained from SRS, attitudes toward future land use at SRS, and perceptions of the severity of environmental problems as a function of how far respondents lived from the site. Respondents hunted or fished an average of over 40 days a year, and only half felt that the fish and deer from SRS were safe to eat. Willingness to expend federal funds was correlated with perceptions of the severity of the problem. Preferences for future land use at SRS fell into three categories: high (environmental research park, hunting, fishing, camping), medium (nuclear production, factories, preserve only), and low (nuclear waste storage, residential). There were no differences in hunting and fishing rates, ranking of the severity of environmental problems, and willingness to expend federal funds as a function of distance of residence from SRS, but attitudes toward future land use differed significantly as a function of location of residence. Those living close to SRS were more willing to have the site used for factories, residential, nuclear material production and to store nuclear wastes than those living farther from the site. Our data on recreational rates, attitudes toward future land use, and willingness to expend federal funds to solve environmental problems reiterate the importance of assessing stakeholder attitudes toward decisions regarding future land use at DOE sites 相似文献
76.
We report a meta-analytic examination of the value of five facets of family-friendly work environments (FFWEs) in reducing
work/family conflict (WFC). Cumulation of 38 studies (total N = 13,605) suggests that facets of FFWE may provide less assistance
to workers in managing WFC than one may hope, as none explained more than seven percent of the variance in WFC. A family-friendly
work culture seems most influential in reducing WFC. Importantly, spousal support and FFWEs explain different portions of
variance in WFC, suggesting that FFWEs are uniquely valuable to workers in achieving work/ family balance. Implications for
research and practice are discussed.
When authors reported separate correlations for different subgroups (e.g., males and females), samples, administrations (as
in a longitudinal study), or measures of the same construct, those correlations were examined separately. The studies included
in this meta-analysis are listed in the references prefixed with an asterisk. 相似文献
77.
The present study indicated that both attachment bonds and self‐rated attachment style were significantly related to fear of commitment and, to a lesser extent, career decision‐making self‐efficacy. Given previous research showing that fear of commitment is related to career indecisiveness and “floundering,” the possible importance of attention to attachment bonds and styles in career counseling is suggested. 相似文献
78.
The need for old‐age security coverage in rural areas of many developing countries is rapidly increasing for several reasons, including population ageing and the weakening of family support networks. These trends have generated intense interest in policies that might help respond to the growing problem of rural old‐age destitution. The focus of our analysis is on one of the most promising alternatives under consideration: universal non‐contributory old‐age pensions. This model has some limitations and it is not appropriate for all developing countries, but it would be of potential benefit to far more than the six that have already implemented variants of this approach. 相似文献
79.
This study examined the development of baserate estimation skills for everyday social events and attitudes. Subjects in grades one, three, and six responded to questions concerning their own rates of behavior and attitudes, and their estimates of baserates of behaviors and attitudes for their classmates. The findings indicate a general increase in accuracy for the estimation of baserates throughout the elementary school years. In addition, younger subjects were less likely to make similar estimates for themselves and their classmates than were older respondents. Developmental changes in estimation accuracy are discussed in relation to task content, use of the response scale, correspondence between self-reports and estimates, and sample variability. 相似文献
80.
Four experiments explored the processes that bridge between referent selection and word learning. Twenty‐four‐month‐old infants were presented with several novel names during a referent selection task that included both familiar and novel objects and tested for retention after a 5‐min delay. The 5‐min delay ensured that word learning was based on retrieval from long‐term memory. Moreover, the relative familiarity of objects used during the retention test was explicitly controlled. Across experiments, infants were excellent at referent selection, but very poor at retention. Although the highly controlled retention test was clearly challenging, infants were able to demonstrate retention of the first 4 novel names presented in the session when referent selection was augmented with ostensive naming. These results suggest that fast mapping is robust for reference selection but might be more transient than previously reported for lexical retention. The relations between reference selection and retention are discussed in terms of competitive processes on 2 timescales: competition among objects on individual referent selection trials and competition among multiple novel name–object mappings made across an experimental session. 相似文献