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61.
Cunningham JA Cordingley J Hodgins DC Toneatto T 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):625-631
Respondents were asked their beliefs about gambling abuse as part of a general population telephone survey. The random digit
dialing survey consisted of 8,467 interviews of adults, 18 years and older, from Ontario, Canada (45% male; mean age = 46.2).
The predominant conception of gambling abuse was that of an addiction, similar to drug addiction. More than half of respondents
reported that treatment was necessary and almost three-quarters of respondents felt that problem gamblers would have to give
up gambling completely in order to overcome their gambling problem. Problem gamblers (past or current) were less likely than
non- or social gamblers to believe that treatment was needed, and current problem gamblers were least likely to believe that
abstinence was required, as compared to all other respondents. Strong agreement with conceptions of gambling abuse as disease
or addiction were positively associated with belief that treatment is needed, while strong agreement with conceptions of disease
or wrongdoing were positively associated with belief that abstinence is required. 相似文献
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63.
This article defines wisdom and despair as choices for cognitively intact older adults. Some individuals are able to integrate the conditions of old age while others respond in ways that inhibit effective integration. The conscious aging theory, as well as Erikson's developmental theory regarding achievement of integrity/wisdom, provides a theoretical basis for exploration of this topic. Constructs of personality, including self-concept, self-acceptance, destiny control, interiority, rigidity, and flexibility, are described. Finally, guidelines for nurses working with older adults who are facing this developmental stage of life are provided. 相似文献
64.
Joanne Lloyd Keith Hawton William H. Dutton John R. Geddes Guy M. Goodwin Robert D. Rogers 《International Gambling Studies》2016,16(3):408-423
Gambling problems have been linked to suicidal ideation and enhanced risk of suicide attempts. However, we know very little about the factors associated with either thoughts or acts of self-harm amongst people who gamble. A web-based study of 4125 online gamblers (79% males; mean age 35.5 years), analysed using hierarchical multiple regression, revealed that self-reported non-gambling-related self-harm was negatively related to age and marital status, and positively related to problematic alcohol use. Self-reported acts of self-harm both related and unrelated to gambling were associated with drug misuse. Thoughts and acts of gambling-related self-harm were associated with problem gambling, gambling involvement and parental problem gambling. All types of self-harm were associated with mood disorder symptoms, unemployment and certain gambling motivations. When tailoring assessment and interventions for individuals at risk for gambling-related deliberate self-harm, it is important to recognize that contributory factors may include some that differ from those for deliberate self-harm in general, and that there is potential value in evaluating gambling involvement and motivations, and history of parental gambling. 相似文献
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The Italian Australia diaspora is a heterogeneous mix of regional, class and generational identities. This article identifies and considers the influence of four recent Italian‐Australian cohorts on the processes of Italian‐Australian cultural formation. Of particular interest is the most recent wave of migrants (post‐2000), whose arrival is prompted by the European economic crisis and facilitated by Australia's skilled migration programme. We argue that this cohort is a new form of “elite” skilled migration comprised of people who are independent of, yet reliant on, the community infrastructure and social standing that previous waves of Italian migrants have established. We consider the relationship between these cohorts as a process of “intra‐diaspora” knowledge transfer and show how diasporas play a fundamental role in the skilled migration project. These dynamics challenge assumptions that skilled migrant integration is “frictionless”. Rather, their arrival simultaneously generates diaspora renewal as well as tensions around identity and community resources. 相似文献
67.
Self‐burning and self‐immolation are forms of self‐harm found across the Eastern Mediterranean region and South and Central Asia. The majority of those choosing these methods of self‐harm are young women. Using data from 100 young female survivors of suicidal attempts in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, this article analyses the phenomenon in the context of a life‐course progression arguing that the period around first marriage is a time of particular trauma to women. We suggest that self‐burning should be understood as a communicative act with an indigenous semiology which functions as an expression of subordinated agency within a male‐dominated society, in which marriage is a major source of conflict between generations and genders. 相似文献
68.
Joanne Wright 《Revue canadienne de sociologie》1997,34(1):71-91
L'analyse postmoderne, la plus récente des nombreuses façons d'aborder le développement international, permet de mieux comprendre les tendances occidentalisantes de la théorie sur le développement ainsi que les dichotomies moderne/traditionnel et progressiste/retrograde qu'elles favorisent. Elle ne parvient cependant pas à mettre en evidence les dichotomies révélatrices de l'inégalité des sexes - homme/femme, public/privé et productif/non productif -, celles qui font partie intégrante de la pensée sur le développement. Le but de cette étude théorique n'est pas de faire le bilan des répercussions du développement dans la vie des femmes du tiers monde mais bel et bien de procéder, dans l'optique feministe, à une analyse deconstructiviste postmoderne de la théorie dominante du développement et à 1'examen d'un exemple pratique, celui des maquiladoras mexicains. Par le biais d'une deconstruction feministe, la théorie du développement trahit un discours foncierement phallocentrique qui cherche à imposer de facon systematique une interpretation occidentale du role de la femme dans les societes dites sous-developpees, avec pour consequence la devalorisation de son apport dans les domaines public et prive. As the newest of many varied approaches to the topic of international development, the postmodern approach offers valuable insights into the Westernizing project of development theory, not least of which is its insight into the dichotomies of modern/traditional and progressive/backward. What the postmodern approach fails to do adequately, however, is uncover the specifically gendered dichotomies also resident in development thought, including male/ female, public/private, and productive/non-productive. The purpose of this primarily theoretical essay is not to enumerate Third World women's experiences with development, but rather to apply the postmodern tool of deconstruction from a feminist perspective, first to mainstream development theory, and subsequently to a practical example of development, the Mexican maquiladora project. Through a feminist deconstruction, development theory is shown to be a fundamentally gendered-phallocentric-discourse that systematically applies Western notions of gender to “underdeveloped” societies and cultures, thereby undervaluing women's essential contributions to both public and private spheres. 相似文献
69.
This article examines the potential of pre- and post-disaster instruments for funding disaster response and recovery and for creating incentives for flood loss mitigation in countries with emerging or transition economies. As a concrete case, we discuss the disaster recovery arrangements following the 1997 flood disaster in Poland. We examine the advantages and limitations of hedging instruments, which are instruments for transferring the risk to investors either through insurance or capital market-based securities. We compare these mechanisms with financing instruments whereby the government sets aside funds prior to a disaster or taps its own funding sources after the event occurs. We show how hedging instruments can be designed to create incentives for the mitigation of damage to public infrastructure using the flood proofing of a water-treatment plant on the hypothetical Topping River as an illustrative example. We conclude that hedging instruments can be an attractive alternative to financing instruments that have been traditionally used in the poorer, emerging-economy countries to fund disaster recovery. Since very poor countries are likely to have difficulty paying the price of protection prior to a disaster, we suggest that international lending institutions consider innovations for subsidizing these payments. 相似文献
70.