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731.
732.
John Taylor 《Journal of Population Research》1993,10(1):53-67
Given the crucial role played by census data in informing economic and social policies directed at the Aboriginal population in remote areas, some assessment of the quality of remote area data is required as these are derived from enumeration procedures which differ fundamentally from the standard approach employed in the census. This paper discusses the remote area census enumeration strategy employed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), with a particular focus on the Northern Territory, and highlights possible implications for the interpretation of census counts and census characteristics. 相似文献
733.
Field Measurement of Dermal Soil Loading Attributable to Various Activities: Implications for Exposure Assessment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Estimates of soil adherence to skin are required for assessment of dermal exposures to contaminants in soils. Previously available estimates depend heavily on indirect measurements and/or artificial activities and reflect sampling of hands only. Results are presented here from direct measurement of soil loading on skin surfaces of volunteers before and after normal occupational and recreational activities that might reasonably be expected to lead to soil contact. Skin surfaces assayed included hands, forearms, lower legs, faces and/or feet. Observed hand loadings vary over five orders of magnitude (roughly from 10–3 to 102 mg/cm2) and are dependent upon type of activity. Hand loadings within the current default range of 0.2 to 1.0 mg/cm2 were produced by activities providing opportunity for relatively vigorous soil contact (rugby, farming). Loadings less than 0.2 mg/cm2 were found on hands following activities presenting less opportunity for direct soil contact (soccer, professional grounds maintenance) and on other body parts under many conditions. The default range does not, however, represent a worst case. Children playing in mud on the shore of a lake generated geometric mean loadings well in excess of 1 mg/cm2 on hands, arms, legs, and feet. Post-activity average loadings on hands were typically higher than average loadings on other body parts resulting from the same activity. Hand data from limited activities cannot, however, be used to conservatively predict loadings that might occur on other body surfaces without regard to activity since non-hand loadings attributable to higher contact activities exceeded hand loadings resulting from lower contact activities. Differences between pre- and post-activity loadings also demonstrate that dermal contact with soil is episodic. Typical background (pre-activity) geometric mean loadings appear to be on the order of 10-2 mg/cm2 or less. Because exposures are activity dependent, quantification of dermal exposure to soil will remain inadequate until data describing relevant human behavior (type of activity, frequency, duration including interval before bathing, clothing worn, etc.) are generated. 相似文献
734.
John F. O’Connell 《Journal of Labor Research》1986,7(3):239-253
Two issues have seriously hampered studies of the impact of the Davis-Bacon Act. The first is that one must make assumptions
about what the distribution of wages would be in the absence of the statute. It is shown that cost estimates are quite sensitive
to these assumptions. The second is that while Davis-Bacon determinations may increase nonunion wages, they are also likely
to increase the bargaining power of unions leading to higher union wages. Simply estimating the impact on nonunion wages therefore
underestimates the true effect. Union wages are both determined by and a determinant of Davis-Bacon wages. It is found that
Davis-Bacon determinations exert a significant influence on the union’s ability to gain higher wages.
I would like to thank Joseph DiMasi and David Alexander for comments and discussion on an earlier version of this paper. Special
thanks are due an anonymous referee for his support and suggestions. 相似文献
735.
John W. Budd 《Journal of Labor Research》1995,16(1):43-55
Like many industrial unions, the UAW places great emphasis on pattern-following contract settlements. However, research on
the rationales for pattern bargaining has been scarce, and evidence testing these rationales has been absent. The usual rationale
for pattern bargaining is to take wages out of competition. However, this paper presents evidence of important internal union
political reasons for pattern bargaining. If intra-union wage comparisons cause union members to feel unfairly treated, elected
leaders will be challenged. Thus, the UAW leadership pursues pattern bargaining to minimize political conflicts and maintain
stability.
Unless you know where you came from you don’t have the sense of direction that will lead you to the goals you seek.
Walter P. Reuther
That word “solidarity” isn’t rhetoric. For a union, it’s everything.
Bob White
Helpful comments by the Editor and an anonymous referee and financial support from the Jacob K. Javits Fellows Program, the
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, and the Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, are gratefully acknowledged.
Walter P. Reuther collection, Box 98-2, Walter P. Reuther Library of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University (WSU).
Walter P. Reuther was UAW President from 1946 to 1970.
White (1987, p. 51). Bob White was Director of the UAW Canadian Region from 1978 to 1985 and has been President of the National
Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of Canada (CAW) since 1985. 相似文献
736.
737.
In this review, the influence of social and work roles are incorporated into a model of retirement adjustment, along with two psychological moderators that may aid the retirement transition. These psychological resources, locus of control and retirement self-efficacy, are those behavioral predispositions that would lead one to engage in proactive strategies for mastering the role changes inherent in the retirement transition. The implications of social and work-related role changes and psychological resources for retirement planning and adjustment are discussed. 相似文献
738.
John Bryant 《Journal of Population Research》1996,13(2):169-186
The fact that the majority of northern Vietnamese households are small and contain only two generations is often interpreted as evidence of the effects of socialism on the Vietnamese family. The observed pattern is, however, typical of a stem household system like that of northern Vietnam, and probably predates the Revolution. Virtually all discussions of northern Vietnamese households have concentrated on cross-sectional measures of household size and structure. Such measures must be combined with longitudinal measures and measures of size as experienced by household members to give a full picture of northern Vietnamese households. On all these measures southern Vietnamese households appear significantly different from northern Vietnamese households. 相似文献
739.
740.
The Analysis of Verbal Behavior - 相似文献