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991.
Welte JW Barnes GM Tidwell MC Hoffman JH 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):119-133
A random telephone survey was conducted with a representative sample of 2,274 U.S. residents aged 14–21. The prevalence of
problem gambling, as measured by the SOGS-RA, was 2.1%. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of the respondents had gambled in the past
year, and 11% had gambled more often than twice per week. Males had much higher gambling involvement than females, and gambling
involvement increased among older respondents. Blacks were less likely than average to have gambled in the past year, but
if they gambled, they were more likely to do so frequently. Low SES respondents were less likely to have gambled in the past
year, but if they gambled, they were more likely to be problem gamblers. Life transitions that are associated with assuming
adult roles (employment, living independently of parents, non-student status) are also associated with greater gambling involvement.
The rates of problem and pathological gambling were lower than those in an adult survey conducted earlier, when measured with
the same questionnaire. 相似文献
992.
Although a central construct for sociologists, the concept of institution continues to elude clear and full specification.
One reason for this lack of clarity is that about 50 years ago empirical researchers in the field of sociology turned their
gaze downward, away from macro-sociological constructs in order to focus their attention on middle-range empirical projects.
It took almost 20 years for the concept of the institution to work its back onto the empirical research agenda of mainstream
sociologists. The new institutional project in organizational sociology led the way. Since then, scholars in this tradition
have achieved a great deal but there is still much more to accomplish. Here, future directions for research are considered
by reviewing how the concept of the institution has come to be treated by mainstream philosophers, sociologists of science
and technology studies, and social network theorists.
John W. Mohr is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received his Ph.D. in sociology at Yale University. He has a longstanding interest in using formal network methods to analyze cultural meaning systems. Along with Roger Friedland, he is the organizer of the Cultural Turn Conference series at UCSB and the co-editor of Matters of Culture (Cambridge University Press 2004). He has published a number of articles on the formal analysis of meaning structures. His current research projects include a study of faculty change agents in higher education and the rise of nano-technology as a scientific project. This material is based [in part] upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 0531184. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Roger Friedland is Professor of Religious Studies and Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He co-authored with Harold Zelmann The Fellowship: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Fellowship (2006), with John Mohr Matters of Culture (2004), and authored “Money, Sex and God: The Erotic Logic of Religious Nationalism” (2002). He is currently working on politicized religion as a case of institutional politics and on the relations among religion, sexuality, and love. His latest essay is “Institution, Practice and Ontology: Towards a Religious Sociology” to appear in Ideology and Organizational Institutionalism, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. 相似文献
John W. Mohr (Corresponding author)Email: |
Roger Friedland (Corresponding author)Email: |
John W. Mohr is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received his Ph.D. in sociology at Yale University. He has a longstanding interest in using formal network methods to analyze cultural meaning systems. Along with Roger Friedland, he is the organizer of the Cultural Turn Conference series at UCSB and the co-editor of Matters of Culture (Cambridge University Press 2004). He has published a number of articles on the formal analysis of meaning structures. His current research projects include a study of faculty change agents in higher education and the rise of nano-technology as a scientific project. This material is based [in part] upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 0531184. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Roger Friedland is Professor of Religious Studies and Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He co-authored with Harold Zelmann The Fellowship: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Fellowship (2006), with John Mohr Matters of Culture (2004), and authored “Money, Sex and God: The Erotic Logic of Religious Nationalism” (2002). He is currently working on politicized religion as a case of institutional politics and on the relations among religion, sexuality, and love. His latest essay is “Institution, Practice and Ontology: Towards a Religious Sociology” to appear in Ideology and Organizational Institutionalism, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. 相似文献
993.
Emmett JA 《New directions for youth development》2008,2008(118):45-58, 6-7
In this article, the author writes lyrically of the struggle of young people to find meaning and hope in an increasingly secular world, and focuses his discussion on potential roles for adults "who are in serious life-shaping relationships with young people ... to recognize and respond to the spiritual development of young people." The first role he suggests is similar to that of a museum curator: a knowledgeable adult can provide accessibility to the artifacts and practices of various cultures and spiritual traditions, help young people understand their own experience with those artifacts, and offer possible interpretations. The second role is similar to that of a navigator on a journey of exploration. 相似文献
994.
Previous experimental research demonstrates that inefficient replenishment decision making in the supply chain can be caused by specific judgment and decision biases. Based on the literature we use controlled experiments involving both student subjects and supply chain managers to test debiasing interventions that provide declarative knowledge, which is theorized to enhance the acquisition of procedural knowledge. We first investigate the effects of three debiasing components in a single‐echelon setting: knowledge of bullwhip, inventory position (IP), and use of a target order‐up‐to quantity. Experiment 1 (N = 1,608 decisions by 67 student subjects) using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design for the three components finds that the conceptual understanding of IP is salient for efficient replenishment decisions. We next examine the effects of the components in a simulated, multi‐echelon, serial supply chain, which introduces the additional complexity of coordination risk. Experiment 2 (N = 3,072 decisions by 128 student subjects) using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design finds that although subjects benefit from training components, there is evidence of cognitive overload with an increased quantity of information. Finally we test whether these debiasing components may be an effective training program for practicing supply chain managers who can be expected to have higher levels of procedural knowledge through experience gained in the field. Experiment 3 (N = 864 decisions by 36 supply chain managers) using a 2 × 1 design investigates the effects of an instructional training intervention which includes all three debiasing components and finds the intervention to reduce costs by 14%. We provide avenues for future research and successful practice. 相似文献
995.
With increasing frequency, firms are locating their operations in disparate countries with distinct national cultures and languages. This study develops and empirically tests hypotheses relating an operation's process compliance performance to (1) the presence of a language difference between the location of the operation and that of headquarters and (2) the national culture of the location of the operation and that of headquarters. Employing an international sample of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants located primarily in Western nations, the analysis reveals that a language difference between the location of a plant and the firm's headquarters is consistently related to decreased process compliance at the plant level. Regarding national culture, only limited evidence of a direct relationship between national cultural dimensions (at either the plant or headquarters location) and process compliance exists. However, the analysis does suggest that cultural congruence between the location of the plant and that of headquarters can relate to improved compliance performance. Such a relationship depends on the specific national cultural dimension studied. While these results are obtained in a specific manufacturing setting, they potentially have implications for process compliance in any global operation. 相似文献
996.
Korfiatis Konstantinos J. Hovardas Tasos Pantis John D. 《Population and environment》2004,25(6):563-584
Countries of Central and East Europe are in a process of economic, social and political transition. This process provides a unique opportunity for cross-national studies in a context of social transformation and radical infrastructural changes. In the present study, we compared environmental behavior, and the factors affecting it, of citizens from five European countries with diverse economic and social status. Outcomes of the present survey suggest that people's attitudes towards environmental issues and economy-environment trade-offs can be considered reliable predictors, contrary to political attitudes which did not prove to be important determinants of environmental behavior. However, one should be aware of the differences in individual factors affecting citizens' environmental behavior, since the latter cannot be considered as a linear function of a country's development and modernization. 相似文献
997.
998.
Asher Ben-Arieh John Gal Lenna Nepomnyaschy Irwin Garfinkel 《Social indicators research》2007,80(1):223-248
This article presents a comparative study in which social indicators were employed as a means to examine differences in living
conditions and family and children outcomes on a local level. The study obtained household-level data on the well-being of
children and families in two cities: New York (NYC) and Tel Aviv (TLV). Data were collected using computer assisted telephone
interview (CATI) technology and random digit dialing (RDD). Telephone interviews were conducted with the randomly selected
adults in English, Spanish and Chinese in NYC and in Hebrew in TLV. The study reported here documented differences in family
and child well-being between the two cities. It further documented that family size and caregiver level of education play
a similar role in both cities and their importance in regard to child and family outcomes. The significant differences found
in adults’ and especially children’s outcomes were analyzed by the caregiver’s level of education and further support the
need for policies that alleviate the burden of less educated caregivers and aim to improve the well-being of them and their
families. The study demonstrates the relevance of social indicators at the local level, not only for measuring outcomes among
specific populations, but also in regard to their possible implications for social policies, a most timely task in an era
of social services devolution. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Despite ongoing declines in fertility in many countries, the population of the world is experiencing a period of rapid expansion, and its size is expected to reach 10 billion by the end of the demographic transition. Three causes of this growth are identified and quantified: 1) fertility above the replacement level of two surviving children per woman, 2) continuing declines in mortality, and 3) population momentum resulting from a young age structure. A set of simple analytic expressions is proposed for estimating these factors from standard demographic indicators. Population momentum is shown to be the main cause of future growth in most countries and regions. 相似文献