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511.
Leaundre C. Dawes Alison E. Adams Francisco J. Escobedo José R. Soto 《Urban Ecosystems》2018,21(4):657-671
Tree planting and reforestation initiatives in urban and peri-urban areas often use tree distribution or “giveaway” programs as a strategy to increase tree cover and subsequent benefits. However, the effectiveness of these programs in terms of increasing overall tree cover and providing benefits to low-income and disadvantaged communities has been little studied. We assess these programs by exploring community participation in, and barriers to, an urban tree distribution program in Fort Lauderdale, United States and the role socioeconomic background and tree functional types have on participation. We use a mixed-methods approach, panel data, choice experiments, and econometrics to quantitatively analyze respondent’s ranking of program options. High income, White respondents had the highest level of awareness and participation while low income, African Americans (AA) had the lowest level. Monetary rebates were perceived as positive and significant as the compensation value increased to US$8.00 - $12.00. Fruit-bearing and native tree functional types were more preferred than flowering or shade trees. Latinos, AA, and high income respondents preferred fruit trees, while White, high income preferred native trees. Overall, low income respondents perceived the greatest barriers towards participation. 20% of Broward County residents who participated in the survey were aware of the tree giveaway programs and 13% had previously participated. Findings indicate an adaptive governance mismatch between program objectives to equitably increase city tree cover via planting shade trees versus individual’s knowledge and preference for other tree types and functions. Results can be used for developing and evaluating reforestation initiatives to equitably increase tree cover and improve the governance of urban ecosystems. 相似文献
512.
Laila Sandroni Maria José Carneiro 《Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research》2018,31(3):377-393
This article aims to present the analysis of a carefully chosen literature in social sciences on the subject of biodiversity conservation. The purpose was to recognize some of the methods and epistemological conceptions which underlie the arguments published in the main academic journals of Sociology, Anthropology and Political Sciences. The analysis is based on a confrontation of Foucault’s concept of “conditions of possibility” with the discursive practices present in the survey. This exercise enabled us to demonstrate that even though we specifically targeted the social sciences, it is possible to recognize the presence of different conditions possibility that are not necessarily compatible and can be critic of each other. These criticisms arise in a context in which the objectivist view was widely accessed in order to corroborate restrictive and punitive actions on biodiversity conservation. This mapping can thus contribute to problematize the dialogue between disciplines in a scenario where each science has a particular political weight. 相似文献
513.
514.
r -th record values subject to (r + 1)-th record values, record mean function, from a distribution of discrete type. We give some properties of the record
mean function and an explicit expression for the distribution function based on its record mean function, which allows us
to characterize particular discrete distributions using the record mean functions.
Received: January 4, 1999; revised version: September 27, 1999 相似文献
515.
516.
The literature on statistical process control (SPC) describes the negative effects of autocorrelation in terms of the increase in false alarms. This has been treated by the individual modeling of each series or the application of VAR models. In the former case, the analysis of the cross correlation structure between the variables is altered. In the latter, if the cross correlation is not strong, the filtering process may modify the weakest relations. In order to improve these aspects, state-space models have been introduced in multivariate statistical process control (MSPC). This article presents a proposal for building a control chart for innovations, estimating its average run length to highlight its advantages over the VAR approach mentioned above. 相似文献
517.
Víctor J. Rubio Antonio Delgado José Luis García Martínez 《Revista de Psicología Social》2013,28(2):193-209
ResumenEste estudio se dirige a contrastar las diferencias en el comportamiento adaptativo de los sujetos retrasados que son producto de los diferentes contextos en los que éste es emitido. En este caso, el contexto se entiende como los aspectos físicos y sociales del lugar en el que inmediatamente se produce la conducta. Esta perspectiva molecular del contexto ha permitido detectar diferencias en el comportamiento adaptativo en términos de lenguaje receptivo y lenguaje expresivo. La muestra utilizada fueron 71 sujetos evaluados a través del West Virginia assessment and tracking system. 相似文献
518.
We study three different de-randomization methods that are often applied to approximate combinatorial optimization problems. We analyze the conditional probabilities method in connection with randomized rounding for routing, packing and covering integer linear programming problems. We show extensions of such methods for non-independent randomized rounding for the assignment problem. The second method, the so-called random walks is exemplified with algorithms for dense instances of some NP problems. Another often used method is the bounded independence technique; we explicit this method for the sparsest cut and maximum concurrent flow problems. 相似文献
519.
Daniela F. Dianda Marta B. Quaglino José A. Pagura 《AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis》2018,102(1):117-143
Current industrial processes are sophisticated enough to be tied to only one quality variable to describe the process result. Instead, many process variables need to be analyze together to assess the process performance. In particular, multivariate process capability analysis (MPCIs) has been the focus of study during the last few decades, during which many authors proposed alternatives to build the indices. These measures are extremely attractive to people in charge of industrial processes, because they provide a single measure that summarizes the whole process performance regarding its specifications. In most practical applications, these indices are estimated from sampling information collected by measuring the variables of interest on the process outcome. This activity introduces an additional source of variation to data, that needs to be considered, regarding its effect on the properties of the indices. Unfortunately, this problem has received scarce attention, at least in the multivariate domain. In this paper, we study how the presence of measurement errors affects the properties of one of the MPCIs recommended in previous researches. The results indicate that even little measurement errors can induce distortions on the index value, leading to wrong conclusions about the process performance. 相似文献
520.
Ranking finite subsets of a given set X of elements is the formal object of analysis in this article. This problem has found a wide range of economic interpretations
in the literature. The focus of the article is on the family of rankings that are additively representable. Existing characterizations
are too complex and hard to grasp in decisional contexts. Furthermore, Fishburn (1996), Journal of Mathematical Psychology
40, 64–77 showed that the number of sufficient and necessary conditions that are needed to characterize such a family has
no upper bound as the cardinality of X increases. In turn, this article proposes a way to overcome these difficulties and allows for the characterization of a meaningful
(sub)family of additively representable rankings of sets by means of a few simple axioms. Pattanaik and Xu’s (1990), Recherches
Economiques de Louvain 56, 383–390) characterization of the cardinality-based rule will be derived from our main result, and other new rules that stem from our general proposal are discussed and characterized
in even simpler terms. In particular, we analyze restricted-cardinality based rules, where the set of “focal” elements is
not given ex-ante; but brought out by the axioms.
相似文献