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551.
Charlene R. Black Eugene A. Weinstein Judith M. Tanur 《The Sociological quarterly》1974,15(2):242-252
This research focuses on norms concerning altruistic behavior and how information is used in assessing these norms. The research context was situations involving conflicting norms of self-interest versus altruism. Five categories of information were used: (1) ego's stake in the encounter, (2) relationship between ego and alter, (3) audience to the behavior, (4) legitimacy for self-interest behavior, and (5) alter's cost if ego fails to help him. Sex and SES of respondents were analyzed. The first four categories in addition to sex and SES served as between-subjects variables, each with two levels. Cost-to-alter was within-subjects variable and contained 4 levels. There were 16 groups containing 9 subjects with the same combination of sex and SES characteristics, thus, creating a 2×2×2×2×2×2×9×4 design. Respondents were asked to predict ego's behavior in a situation. Analysis of variance showed that altruism behavior was expected under the following conditions of (1) low cost to ego, (2) close relationship between ego and alter, (3) presence of audience to the encounter, and (4) high cost-to-alter. Females predicted more altruistic responses while SES produced no significant differences in predictions. 相似文献
552.
Judith Caditz 《Sociological inquiry》1975,45(4):51-58
In examining some reasons white liberals express attitudinal ambivalence, role conflicts, or unfavorableness toward racial integration, we tested two alternative hypotheses, a direct threat thesis and a status consciousness thesis. Further, we examined the degree of interrelatedness of several status dimensions. We found support for the second hypothesis and suggest further research into relationships between status consciousness and ambivalence toward racial integration. 相似文献
553.
Anouka van Eerdewijk Judith Westeneng Thomas de Hoop Ruerd Ruben 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(4):351-368
This article analyzes the development education and exchange activities of the Dutch development organization Edukans with
its longstanding experience in the “Going Global” program among secondary schools in The Netherlands. Based on a survey with
186 direct participants in the foreign exchange program and 608 schoolmates at 126 secondary schools, a detailed analysis
is made of differences in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior with respect to international cooperation, and tolerance regarding
ethnic minorities. To guarantee unbiased impact assessment, the same data is collected among 276 students of a comparison
group. Propensity score-matching techniques are used for data analysis, controlling for intrinsic differences among the three
groups. Results show that international exchange programs have a significant positive impact on all four dimensions of societal
support of the direct participants compared to their schoolmates. Only knowledge and attitudes changes are registered in the
scores of the schoolmates compared to the comparison group. These outcomes remain robust when corrected for individual and
school characteristics, parental background, and political preferences, and when unobserved heterogeneity is included. 相似文献
554.
Judith R. Smith 《Journal of Children and Poverty》2002,8(1):51-66
This study uses qualitative data to examine how welfare-dependent women with young children feel about the employment mandate in the 1996 welfare reform legislation, Personal Work Responsibility Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PWRORA). The voices of poor women have been overlooked in the policy debate about welfare reform, as well as in the social science literature. The data were drawn from individual and group interviews done with 14 women on public assistance during the initial phase of their participation in a voluntary welfare-to-work program. The women in this sample report that they have strong positive feelings about working outside of the home, as well as strong reservations. The paper presents new data on low-income women's role preference and perceived conflict regarding employment when their children are young. All the women in the sample had children under 2 years of age. The data demonstrate that there are aspects of role preference and conflict with employment that are unique to women on public assistance, as well as aspects that are universal across income groups. 相似文献
555.
Judith A. Bradbury 《Risk analysis》1994,14(3):357-363
The author advocates adoption of a convergence model in place of the traditional source-receiver model of communication for communicating with members of the public who have a stake in remediation of a nearby site. The source-receiver model conceives of communication as the transmission of a message from a risk management agency (sender) to a target audience of the public (receivers). The underlying theme is that the sender intends to change the perception of the receiver of either the issue or the sender of information. The author draws on her experience at a Department of Energy (DoE) site undergoing remediation to illustrate why the convergence model is more appropriate in the context of cleanup. This alternative model focuses on the Latin derivation of communication as sharing or making common to many (i.e., as involving a relationship between participants who engage in a process of communication). The focus appears to be consistent with recently issued DoE policy that calls for involving the public in identifying issues and problems and in formulating and evaluating decision alternatives in cleanup. By emphasizing context, process, and participants, as opposed to senders and receivers, the model identifies key issues to address in facilitating consensus concerning the risks of cleanup. Similarities between the institutional context of DoE and Department of Defense (DoD) suggest that a convergence model may also prove to be an appropriate conceptual foundation for risk communication at contaminated DoD sites. 相似文献
556.
Paula P. Makowsky Alicia Skinner Cook Peggy S. Berger Judith Powell 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》1988,9(2):111-122
This study investigated the relationship between voluntary and involuntary relocation and women's perceptions of stress and amount of control, as well as their satisfaction with personal well-being. Results indicated that involuntary movers felt significantly less control and had lower levels of satisfaction with the relationship with their spouses than did voluntary movers. Educational level and employment status were also explored in relation to the dependent variables. Women with high school/trade school education had significantly higher levels of perceived stress, feelings of less control, and lower levels of satisfaction with family life than women with more education.This paper was supported by the Colorado State University and University of Wyoming Experiment Stations and published as Scientific Series Paper No. 290.Paula P. Makowsky received her M.S. from Colorado State University. She is currently a Counselor, Catholic Social Services, Phoenix, AZ.Alicia Skinner Cook is a Professor, Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523. Her research interests include grief and loss issues related to relocation. She received her Ph.D. from Arizona State University.Peggy S. Berger received her Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University. She is an Associate Professor, Department of Consumer Science & Housing, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523. Her research interests include socioeconomic issues related to geographic mobility and to gender.Judith Powell received her Ed.D. from Oklahoma State University. She is a Professor, Child & Family Studies, and Head, Department of Home Economics, Division of Home Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071. Her research interests include parent-child relations and effects of relocation on families. 相似文献
557.
Premarital intervention programs are on the rise in the United States despite the absence of persuasive empirical data that substantiate their effectiveness. In addition to this lack of strong empirical support, many premarital counseling programs fail to articulate any coherent theory of family process or family intervention which serve as conceptual guideposts for formulating program goals and devising program activities. In this article, the authors describe an experimental program that is conceptually grounded in theories of family process and family intervention. The theoretical rationale for each element included in the program is discussed and numerous examples of the program's content and exercises are offered. Finally, the authors discuss a number of issues central to the evaluation of premarital counseling programs. 相似文献
558.
559.
Judith Marks Mishne D.S.W. 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》1988,5(3):187-204
The reader is offered a contemporary view of adolescent sexuality, which has evolved into new forms of sexual behavior, in response to current shifts of values and societal realities. The current phenomena of excalating sexually transmitted diseases and teen-age pregnancy and parenthood are examined. The recent developments in clinicians views about homosexuality and heterosexuality are also offered. A case of more optimal adolescent heterosexual activity is presented, depicting the accompanying self questioning, uncertainties, passions and inner musings, regarding a male adolescent's sense of self and self object choices.in private practice 相似文献
560.
This paper looks back at the experience of the first Britishpoverty programme, the national Community Development Project(CDP), which operated from 1969 to 1978. The "radical" projectswithin CDP comprehensively rejected the official governmentview of the nature and causes of, and solutions to, povertyand urban deprivation. The roots of the radical CDP perspectiveare to be located within the political character of the periodamong other factors. The paper offers a retrospective accountof the strengths and limitations of CDP. 相似文献