高等教育课程内容国际化的 内涵及实现途径

文化自觉的实现路径大致可以从思想、行动和制度三个层面去把握：思想自觉是前提,行动自觉是关     

对我国行政监察制度现状的思考

行政监察是行政过程中的一个重要环节,它是行政机构制定的行政决策能否有效地予以执行的有力保证.随着社会的飞速发展,社会变得日益复杂,承担社会管理的行政机构的任务也相应地日益复杂.行政活动如果缺少了行政监察这一环节,就很难做到快速行政、有效行政.因此,本文针对我国行政监察制度现状中存在的主要问题,提出完善我国监察制度的一些建议.     

A Note on Influence Assessment in Score Tests

Recently, [1] Ebrahimi, N. 1996. How to measure uncertainty about residual life time. Sankhya Ser. A, 58: 48–57.  [Google Scholar] proposed a dynamic measure based on differential entropy applied to the residual lifetime. This measure has been used for the classification and ordering of survival functions. More recently, [2] Ebrahimi, N. 1997. Testing whether lifetime distribution is decreasing uncertainty. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 64: 9–19. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] has considered the problem of testing the monotonicity of this measure. We propose and study several kernel type estimators of the entropy of residual life through the estimation of f(x) log f(x). These estimators can be applied to the classification and comparison of lifetime distribution.     

Nenparametric Two-Group Classification: Concepts and a SAS-Based Software Package

This article introduces BestClass, a set of SAS macros, available in the mainframe and workstation environment, designed for solving two-group classification problems using a class of recently developed nonparametric classification methods. The criteria used to estimate the classification function are based on either minimizing a function of the absolute deviations from the surface which separates the groups, or directly minimizing a function of the number of misclassified entities in the training sample. The solution techniques used by BestClass to estimate the classification rule use the mathematical programming routines of the SAS/OR software. Recently, a number of research studies have reported that under certain data conditions this class of classification methods can provide more accurate classification results than existing methods, such as Fisher's linear discriminant function and logistic regression. However, these robust classification methods have not yet been implemented in the major statistical packages, and hence are beyond the reach of those statistical analysts who are unfamiliar with mathematical programming techniques. We use a limited simulation experiment and an example to compare and contrast properties of the methods included in Best-Class with existing parametric and nonparametric methods. We believe that BestClass contributes significantly to the field of nonparametric classification analysis, in that it provides the statistical community with convenient access to this recently developed class of methods. BestClass is available from the authors.     

On sufficient conditions for the strong consistency of least-squares estimates

The strong consistency of the least-squares estimates in regression models is obtained when the errors are i.i.d. with absolute moment of order r, 0<r? 2. The assumptions presented for the random error sequence will permit us to obtain improvements of the conditions on the regressors in order to obtain the strong consistency of the least-squares estimates in linear and nonlinear regression models.     

Strong consistency of least squares estimates with i.i.d. errors with mean values not necessarily defined

We establish strong consistency of the least squares estimates in multiple regression models discarding the usual assumption of the errors having null mean value. Thus, we required them to be i.i.d. with absolute moment of order r, 0<r<2, and null mean value when r>1. Only moderately restrictive conditions are imposed on the model matrix. In our treatment, we use an extension of the Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund strong law to overcome the errors mean value not being defined. In this way, we get a unified treatment for the case of i.i.d. errors extending the results of some previous papers.     

New two-stage sampling designs based on neoteric ranked set sampling

Neoteric ranked set sampling (NRSS) is a recently developed sampling plan, derived from the well-known ranked set sampling (RSS) scheme. It has already been proved that NRSS provides more efficient estimators for population mean and variance compared to RSS and other sampling designs based on ranked sets. In this work, we propose and evaluate the performance of some two-stage sampling designs based on NRSS. Five different sampling schemes are proposed. Through an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study, we verified that all proposed sampling designs outperform RSS, NRSS, and the original double RSS design, producing estimators for the population mean with a lower mean square error. Furthermore, as with NRSS, two-stage NRSS estimators present some bias for asymmetric distributions. We complement the study with a discussion on the relative performance of the proposed estimators. Moreover, an additional simulation based on data of the diameter and height of pine trees is presented.     

于平的“泥人梦”

沈阳人于平第一次用“泥人”换钱是在2007年的春节,在那之前他下岗已经5年了,不惑之年依旧一事无成. “然后,我在北市庙会摆摊,三天时间,把自己捏的泥人全卖了,赚了2000元.”于平和妻子翟艺回忆着命运改变的时刻,那种兴奋填满了他们30平方米小屋的每一个角落.     

违法相对论之困境、提倡与进路——以刑民、刑行交叉为视角

刑民交叉、刑行交叉的案件日益增多,违法相对论表现出在法学理论与司法实践中的双重困境:严格的违法一元论、缓和的违法一元论、违法相对论与违法多元论等理论之间概念混淆,界限不清;涉及违法性判断的同类案件适用标准不一、裁判结果各异.基于对不同违法性判断方法的规范性分析以及典型案件裁判结果的比较,可以发现,违法相对论在理论与实践中更具优势,符合法秩序统一性的要求.应当坚持违法相对论,走一条自我否定、不断优化、适时更新的发展路径,以有效解决违法性判断的难题,化解实践中同案异判的矛盾.     

门客与宋代科举文化

士人以门客的身份参加科举考试是宋代科举文化的突出特色。这一现象的出现,与宋代特殊的政治制度有着密切的关联,如恩荫、牒试等制度。这些优惠政策赋予了皇亲贵族特有的荫补权利,由此也惠及了他们的门客,许多士子借此通过科举考试并踏上了仕途。但为了获得门客资格参加科举考试,有些士子便四处冒名、请托,又衍生了许多流弊。