萧寒:一位满族音乐的复兴者

12年前,满族人萧寒第一次知道,自己的祖先是有音乐的.那时,有21年乐龄的萧寒曾因维持生计在沈阳经营着嬉皮士酒吧.酒吧每周末都组织前卫音乐会、先锋艺术表演、实验戏剧、地下电影展映.在辽沈地区数量不多的文艺青年眼中,“嬉皮士”酒吧就是抱团取暖的篝火,就像它的名字一样,为这座工业城市的刻板生活提供了另一种可能.萧寒是这团篝火的中心,那年他只有25岁,土生土长在沈阳,个子不高,面目白皙,一头长发,中音浑厚.他从高中时开始迷恋摇滚乐,22岁时组建了乐队“末日毒瘤”,在摇滚乐的震颤中嚣张度日.     

Sexual Beliefs and Sexual Functioning: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Distraction

Dysfunctional sexual beliefs are vulnerability factors for sexual dysfunction. This cross-sectional study aimed to test the mediating role of cognitive distraction on the relationship between dysfunctional sexual beliefs about sexual functioning shared by men and women and sexual function. The authors used a sample of 421 cisgender heterosexual participants involved in a monogamous relationship. The hypothesized mediation model was tested using a bootstrapped cross product of coefficients approach. Results showed a significant negative, indirect effect between dysfunctional sexual beliefs and women's sexual function through cognitive distraction. The discussion of this study highlights the importance of cognitive factors in sexual functioning.     

Conscription of children in armed conflict—a form of child abuse. A study of 19 former child soldiers

Armed combat in childhood is a form of child abuse. It may lead to serious consequences, including post‐traumatic stress disorder. The inherent emotional abuse and acts or omissions by caregivers may cause behavioural, cognitive, emotional or mental disorder in the child. Nineteen former child soldiers were interviewed in a rehabilitation centre using a standard questionnaire. Reasons for recruitment included: volunteered (18), hatred of enemy (revenge) (5), virtue of being a freedom fighter (martyrdom) (9), as a means of supporting their family (economic) (3). One child was abducted, 7 joined for fear of the ‘enemy’ abducting them, and in 5 a family member was killed by ‘enemy’ or own group. The children were involved in manual labour (15), guard duty (15), front‐line fighting (7), bomb manufacture (5), setting sea/land mines (5) and radio and communication (2). Fifteen were trained in firearms and 14 in self‐destruction. Twelve children attempted to or did run away and 11 refused to obey orders or argued. This led to various punishments, including kitchen duty, beatings, imprisonment, blackmail or death threats. A majority of the children felt sad and emotionally upset when they remembered their mother and family. Children's involvement in war, whatever the ‘justifications’ may be, should always be considered as forced, as they cannot truly comprehend their action in war. The responsibility must be taken by the adult caregivers. The following definition of the abuse of children in armed conflict is proposed: ‘The involvement of dependent, developmentally immature children and adolescents in armed conflict they do not truly comprehend, to which they are unable to give informed consent, and which adversely affects the child's right to unhindered growth and identity as a child’. Firm international agreement on guidelines for the lower age limit of recruitment of children into armed forces is required. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparing two types of navigational interfaces for Virtual Reality

Previous studies suggest significant differences between navigating virtual environments in a life-like walking manner (i.e., using treadmills or walk-in-place techniques) and virtual navigation (i.e., flying while really standing). The latter option, which usually involves hand-centric devices (e.g., joysticks), is the most common in Virtual Reality-based studies, mostly due to low costs, less space and technology demands. However, recently, new interaction devices, originally conceived for videogames have become available offering interesting potentialities for research. This study aimed to explore the potentialities of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board as a navigation interface in a Virtual Environment presented in an immersive Virtual Reality system. Comparing participants' performance while engaged in a simulated emergency egress allows determining the adequacy of such alternative navigation interface on the basis of empirical results. Forty university students participated in this study. Results show that participants were more efficient when performing navigation tasks using the Joystick than with the Balance Board. However there were no significantly differences in the behavioral compliance with exit signs. Therefore, this study suggests that, at least for tasks similar to the studied, the Balance Board have good potentiality to be used as a navigation interface for Virtual Reality systems.     

Ergonomics work analysis applied to dentistry--a Brazilian case study

This paper presents the Ergonomic Work Analysis method in a Brazilian Dentist's office. Through the study, the constraints and the strategies in avoiding them were identified. It was found that dentists hardly use the position most indicated by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Federation Dentaire Internacionale (FDI) for both the patient and the dentist, which is respectively supine and 9 o'clock, due to the limited space and layout. Five types of treatments performed by the professional have been studied. The frequency and duration of actions in these treatments were accounted for and the standard positions adopted were identified. The AET was found to be a very suitable method to grasp the dentist's activity and build a point of view of the profession, which is characterized as: stressful, perfectionist and restrictive. Time management is presented as an important strategy to control the tension arising from performing the treatments.     

Effects of a multimodal exercise program in pedal dexterity and balance: study with Portuguese older adults of different contexts

This study investigated the effects of a multimodal exercise program (MEP) on pedal dexterity and balance in two groups of older adult participants (65–92 years of age) from a psychiatric hospital center (HC), a residential care home (RCH), and a daily living center (DLC). The experimental group (EG) trained three times per week for 12 months, and the control group (CG) maintained their normal activities. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Modified Baecke Questionnaire, as well as the Pedal Dexterity and the Tinetti tests, were applied to all subjects before and after the experimental protocol. Furthermore, the foot preference was controlled using the Lateral Preference Questionnaire proposed by Coren [10]. In the EG, the results from the Pedal Dexterity test showed that both males and females from the RCH and DLC improved their performances after the MEP. In the HC, the males slightly decreased their performance with both feet, contrarily to females. Both males and females from the CG decreased their pedal dexterity performance, namely, with the non-preferred foot. Concerning the Tinetti test, the EG of both males and females from the HC, the RCH (males were better than females regarding the gender factor), and the DLC improved their balance after the MEP. In the CG, no significant effects or interactions were found for any of the context groups.     

公司经营管理的道德伦理

公司经营管理的道德伦理是现代公司管理的关键环节,是公司管理从科学管理、行为管理到伦理管理阶段发展的必然趋势。在公司经营管理实践中,各种科学管理手段的运用并不排除道德对人们的引导、约束和教育作用。只有公司管理和道德规范相辅相成,互相渗透,才能达到最佳的管理效果。     

抛体运动的Runge—Kutta解

研究抛体运动的基本方法有略去空气阻力的作用，亦不考虑地球自转的影响，在惯性参考系中分析抛体运动的抛物线理论，以及将物体与地球视为二体运动的椭圆理论．本文既考虑空气阻力的作用，又考虑到地球自转的影响，给出了抛体运动的Ｒｕｎｇｅ—Ｋｕｔｔａ数值解．得到了抛体运动过程中的速度，位置及轨迹，揭示了空气阻力及地球自转对抛体运动影响的规律，数值结果与解析比较表明，方法不但精度高而且简便，亦可应用其数值分析更为复杂的抛体问题．     

惟精惟一 志在高远——为我国对外汉语教学事业发展献芹

发展留学生教育 ,有利于国家发展建设 ,有利于我国高等教育实现国际化。对外汉语教学是整个留学生教育事业的基础和主体 ,其规模和水平制约着留学生教育事业的发展。要进一步发展留学生教育特别是高层次留学生教育 ,必须大力发展对外汉语教学。对外汉语教学面临着入世后的机遇和挑战。在当前对外汉语教学大发展的形势下 ,要确保健康有序地发展 ,确保教学和科研的高质量