Cruel Pessimism and Waiting for Belonging: Towards a Global Political Economy of Affect

Recent theorizations of affect have focused largely on Western historical, political and aesthetic contexts to distinguish between affect and emotion. Notably, these interventions offer new imaginaries to reinvigorate analysis of politics in the face of shrinking possibilities. However, much of this literature views affect as autonomous from emotion, while overlooking the political history of development and the differentiated relation to affect under colonial capitalism in other historical contexts. This paper studies subaltern engagement in activist performance in India to address these issues. It thinks through Lauren Berlant's account of the aesthetic genre and affective structure of cruel optimism, and her focus on historical contexts where people have recently lost the vision of a good life. By contrast, focusing on the historical present of those born into a pervasive and intractable sense of marginality and insecurity, I ask: what is the subject's relation to affect and activism in contexts where the loss of vision of a good life is not new under neoliberalism, but rather, reworks long-standing violence and inclusion/exclusion of colonial capitalism and nation-state histories. I argue that it is useful to understand Berlant's ‘materialist context for affect theory’ in light of uneven global histories of colonialism, development and neoliberalism. The affective experience of time is different across different spaces. As such, this paper contributes a global materialist context for affect theory, by focusing on activist theatre by a tribe called Chhara, designated ‘born criminals’ by British colonial law – a status legally denotified in 1952, but that is practically still effective in postcolonial India. Competing affective structures – sentimental optimism, cruel pessimism, betrayal and ordinary regard – shape and are shaped by Chhara negotiations with branded criminality. Ultimately, for the postcolonial subject, surviving in the neoliberal present involves vacillating among competing affective structures, only some of which generate sustained political critique.     

“萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说”视角下中式英语成因分析

由于汉语和英语在语言和思维上的极大差异,翻译实践与对外交流中屡见不合规范、不知所云的"中式英语"。而"萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说"(Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis)就主要探讨语言、思维、文化之间相互作用密不可分的关系。本文试图以这一学说为理论基础,分析"中式英语"的成因,并提出一些关于对策的思考。     

Effects of Alternative Policies on Income Redistribution: Evidence from Brazil

Despite recent successes, Brazilian income (cash) transfer policies remain controversial, and alternative approaches to income redistribution are being actively considered. This article contributes to this debate, analysing the effects of several alternative policies for income redistribution in the Brazilian economy using a computable general equilibrium model. Simulations were conducted consistent with the following policies: direct transfer of income, reduction of taxes, and incentives to agricultural exports. The results suggest that transfer of income is the most effective in promoting redistribution of income, with a positive impact on the level of welfare of the poorest households.     

世纪初全集整理的回顾与展望——纪念《全唐诗》编定成书300年

<全唐诗>作为现存首批正式编纂成书的全集类基本文献,无论是在传统文献分类抑或当代学科架构中,都处于极为重要的地位.回顾学术史的发展就会发现,除了唐诗学学科内在建构得益于其自身坚实的文献基础外,在其他的全集整理中,唐诗整理经验的推广更有着巨大的启发和示范作用,有力地推动着古典文学研究格局的全面深入.在一个崭新的时期,有目的地对自全集开始编纂以来所积累的成熟经验展开全面而又系统的回顾总结,无疑具有十分重要的意义.这种对数百年来全集整理工作的经验探讨和理论提升,的确能在方法论上给予当代学界以有益启示.进而从更高的层次上加以审视,<全唐诗>以及之后的一系列同类著作的编纂,正是历史发展过程中民族深层学术精神的自然表露,它体现着人类立足于现实层面对完美理想的努力追求.     

Conscription of children in armed conflict—a form of child abuse. A study of 19 former child soldiers

Armed combat in childhood is a form of child abuse. It may lead to serious consequences, including post‐traumatic stress disorder. The inherent emotional abuse and acts or omissions by caregivers may cause behavioural, cognitive, emotional or mental disorder in the child. Nineteen former child soldiers were interviewed in a rehabilitation centre using a standard questionnaire. Reasons for recruitment included: volunteered (18), hatred of enemy (revenge) (5), virtue of being a freedom fighter (martyrdom) (9), as a means of supporting their family (economic) (3). One child was abducted, 7 joined for fear of the ‘enemy’ abducting them, and in 5 a family member was killed by ‘enemy’ or own group. The children were involved in manual labour (15), guard duty (15), front‐line fighting (7), bomb manufacture (5), setting sea/land mines (5) and radio and communication (2). Fifteen were trained in firearms and 14 in self‐destruction. Twelve children attempted to or did run away and 11 refused to obey orders or argued. This led to various punishments, including kitchen duty, beatings, imprisonment, blackmail or death threats. A majority of the children felt sad and emotionally upset when they remembered their mother and family. Children's involvement in war, whatever the ‘justifications’ may be, should always be considered as forced, as they cannot truly comprehend their action in war. The responsibility must be taken by the adult caregivers. The following definition of the abuse of children in armed conflict is proposed: ‘The involvement of dependent, developmentally immature children and adolescents in armed conflict they do not truly comprehend, to which they are unable to give informed consent, and which adversely affects the child's right to unhindered growth and identity as a child’. Firm international agreement on guidelines for the lower age limit of recruitment of children into armed forces is required. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

研究型大学在知识经济中的作用

本文论述了研究型大学在知识经济中的作用 ,阐述了研究型大学如何利用其自身优势通过协作及参与振兴企业文化以推动地区经济的进一步发展     

文坛的"失语"和"失语"的文坛--新中国建国之初文坛"畸相"的历史追问

20世纪50年代,现代文学史上的诸多著名作家几乎同时停止文学创作,形成了"文坛的失语"和"失语的文坛".这一文学现象产生的原因是多方面的,既有作家自己思想认识的幼稚,又有当时文艺政策舆论导向的作用,还有频繁政治思想运动造成的精神压力,甚至还有前苏联文艺"模式"的影响.清理与反思这段历史,可以使我们更加清醒理智地面对未来.     

积极贯彻“十六大”精神 推进青海民族教育创新

文章认为,作为民族高等院校,要以"三个代表"重要思想为指导,坚持三个面向,狠抓四个创新(思想道德教育创新,教育教学改革创新,教学、科研、管理创新,教师、科研队伍建设创新),不断推进民族高等教育的发展.     

对村委会和村党支部关系失衡的探讨

村委会和村党支部的关系问题是村民自治中最突出、最重要的问题之一。在现实中 ,村党支部和村委会的关系总的来说是好的或者比较好的 ,“两委”关系不正常是少数 ,但绝不能对此掉以轻心。本文主要探讨村委会和村党支部关系失衡的表现 ,分析造成村委会和村党支部关系失衡的原因 ,在此基础上提出解决“两委”关系失衡的措施。