净明道与正一道

净明道与道教各派的关系,是净明道研究中值得关注的问题。本文通过对净明道与正一道关系的探讨,认为净明道传承正一法术的历史实况,反映正一道经法制度在江南的深远影响。净明道与正一道保持密切关系,既有宗教地域文化传播的因素,也为元明时代江南道教的格局所决定。     

中小企业服务体系建设与信息咨询业发展──常州市中小企业问卷调查

苏南的中小企业在市场竞争的压力下,已经从数量扩张向体制改革、结构调整、技术创新和布局集中转变,但经营状况不容乐观。培育中小企业社会化服务体系,加强与完善中小企业立法,改善中小企业的融资环境,帮助中小企业充分利用信息咨询系统进行决策和管理,对中小企业的持续稳定发展具有重要意义。     

亲情

每个人都有关美好的记忆,储存在大脑主管美好的区域,那是一些美好的往事、风光和一张张面庞。这一区域的核心信息,多与亲人相关;     

商业模式创新与科技创新的协同

通过科技创新可直接创造新产品和财富,更引发和带动了商业模式创新的频繁发生。商业模式创新对科技创新明显具有的促进作用在于可实现创新成果价值最大化。商业模式调整通过增大整个"价值蛋糕的尺寸"为公司捕获价值。创新企业依据其价值主张所要实施的商业模式创新包括:通过技术和资产捆绑实现创新价值;通过对整个价值链实施延长、分拆、外包、出售和整合实现创新价值;优化企业整个价值链的各种价值活动,创造新的价值活动,并提高价值创造效率。实现从科技创新中获取最大价值,是商业模式设计的关键。科技创业企业的商业模式具有自身的特质和特殊的要求。在技术创新提升为科技创新后,技术创新阶段须延伸到科学发现孵化为新技术的阶段。对创业企业商业模式的系统思考和设计,可以全面整合创业活动,提高科技创业的成功率。     

中国西南少数民族民俗与道教论析

中国西南少数民族民俗丰富多彩,其部分民间习俗的形成受道教影响较深.西南少数民族的神话传说,西南少数民族的民俗活动,西南少数民族的民俗盛会,都反映出道教在西南少数民族中传播的影响.论文从宗教学、民族学的学术视野,考察分析西南少数民族民俗与道教的关系,认为西南少数民族民俗的道教色彩,是中华民族多元一体格局下文化涵化的结果.     

Mate Availability and Women's Sexual Experiences in China

Data from the 1999-2000 Chinese Health and Family Life Survey were merged with community-level data from the 1982, 1990, and 2000 Chinese censuses to examine the relationship between the local sex ratio (number of men per 100 women) and sexual outcomes among women (N = 1,369). Consistent with hypotheses derived from demographic-opportunity theory, multilevel logistic regression analyses showed that women are more likely to be sexually active, to have had premarital sexual intercourse, to have been forced to have sex, and to test positive for a sexually transmitted infection when there is a relative abundance of age-matched men in their local community. Education, birth cohort, and geographic location also emerged as significant predictors of women's sexual experiences.     

Sexual practices and the duration of last heterosexual encounter: findings from the Australian longitudinal study of health and relationships

This study investigated the association between sexual practices and duration of a sexual encounter. Using data from a population-based computer-assisted telephone survey of 8,656 Australians aged 16 to 64 years, four distinct patterns of sexual practices among respondents were found: "basic sexual encounter" (involving mainly kissing, cuddling, stroking one's partner and being stroked, and vaginal intercourse), "basic sexual encounter plus oral sex," "all assessed sexual practices" (all sexual behaviors included in the survey), and "mainly vaginal intercourse" (characterized by lower levels of kissing, cuddling, and stroking). For both men and women, respondents classified in the basic sexual encounter plus oral sex, and all assessed sexual practices clusters reported significantly longer durations than those in the basic sexual encounter group, whereas respondents in the mainly vaginal intercourse cluster reported shorter durations. These differences were found even after allowing for demographic differences in sexual duration-specifically, age and partner type of the most recent opposite-sex partner. These findings add to the understanding of what typically happens in a sexual encounter. Overall, longer sexual encounters appear to be associated with the inclusion of the least common sexual practices-namely, oral sex and self-stimulation.     

Lessons learned about collaborative evaluation using the Capacity for Applying Project Evaluation (CAPE) framework with school and district leaders

Schools, districts, and state-level educational organizations are experiencing a great shift in the way they do the business of education. This shift focuses on accountability, specifically through the expectation of the effective utilization of evaluative-focused efforts to guide and support decisions about educational program implementation. In as much, education leaders need specific guidance and training on how to plan, implement, and use evaluation to critically examine district and school-level initiatives. One specific effort intended to address this need is through the Capacity for Applying Project Evaluation (CAPE) framework. The CAPE framework is composed of three crucial components: a collection of evaluation resources; a professional development model; and a conceptual framework that guides the work to support evaluation planning and implementation in schools and districts. School and district teams serve as active participants in the professional development and ultimately as formative evaluators of their own school or district-level programs by working collaboratively with evaluation experts. The CAPE framework involves the school and district staff in planning and implementing their evaluation. They are the ones deciding what evaluation questions to ask, which instruments to use, what data to collect, and how and to whom results should be reported. Initially this work is done through careful scaffolding by evaluation experts, where supports are slowly pulled away as the educators gain experience and confidence in their knowledge and skills as evaluators. Since CAPE engages all stakeholders in all stages of the evaluation, the philosophical intentions of these efforts to build capacity for formative evaluation strictly aligns with the collaborative evaluation approach.     

Expert panel reviews of research centers: the site visit process

Site visits are used extensively in a variety of settings within the evaluation community. They are especially common in making summative value decisions about the quality and worth of research programs/centers. However, there has been little empirical research and guidance about how to appropriately conduct evaluative site visits of research centers. We review the processes of two site visit examples using an expert panel review: (1) a process to evaluate four university research centers and (2) a process to review a federally sponsored research center. A set of 14 categories describing the expert panel review process was obtained through content analysis and participant observation. Most categories were addressed differently through the two processes highlighting the need for more research about the most effective processes to use within different contexts. Decisions about how to structure site visits appear to depend on the research context, practical considerations, the level at which the review is being conducted and the intended impact of the report. Future research pertaining to the selection of site visitors, the autonomy of the visitors in data collection and report writing, and the amount and type of information provided would be particularly valuable.     

Metropolitan Heterogeneity and Minority Neighborhood Attainment: Spatial Assimilation or Place Stratification?

Using geo-referenced data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, in conjunction with decennial census data, this research examines metropolitan-area variation in the ability of residentially mobile blacks, Hispanics, and whites to convert their income into two types of neighborhood outcomes-neighborhood racial composition and neighborhood socioeconomic status. For destination tract racial composition, we find strong and near-universal support for the "weak version" of place stratification theory; relative to whites, the effect of individual income on the percent of the destination tract population that is non-Hispanic white is stronger for blacks and Hispanics, but even the highest earning minority group members move to tracts that are "less white" than the tracts that the highest-earning whites move to. In contrast, for moves into neighborhoods characterized by higher levels of average family income, we find substantial heterogeneity across metropolitan areas in minorities' capacity to convert income into neighborhood quality. A slight majority of metropolitan areas evince support for the "strong version" of place stratification theory, in which blacks and Hispanics are less able than whites to convert income into neighborhood socioeconomic status. However, a nontrivial number of metropolitan areas also evince support for spatial assimilation theory, where the highest-earning minorities achieve neighborhood parity with the highest-earning whites. Several metropolitan-area characteristics, including residential segregation, racial and ethnic composition, immigrant population size, poverty rates, and municipal fragmentation, emerge as significant predictors of minority-white differences in neighborhood attainment.