Development of the Virginity Beliefs Scale

Past research on first sexual intercourse experiences and virginity has largely focused on using demographics such as age at first intercourse as predictors of future sexual behaviors and beliefs. Carpenter (2002 Carpenter , L. M. ( 2002 ). Gender and the meaning and experience of virginity loss in the contemporary United States . Gender and Society , 16 , 345 – 365 . doi: 10.1177/0891243202016003005 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 2005 Carpenter , L. M. ( 2005 ). Virginity lost: An intimate portrait of first sexual experiences . New York , NY : New York University Press . [Google Scholar]) suggested a model of three virginity metaphors that describe how individuals perceive their virginity: gift, stigma, and process. Using Carpenter's framework as a starting point, scale items were developed based on the conceptual understanding of the three metaphors. In Study 1 (N = 223, mean age = 19.9, SD = 2.4), 50 items were factor analyzed, yielding 22 items found to be strong indicators of the three metaphors; ten items for gift, eight for stigma, and four for process. The three subscales were validated using measures of gender-role beliefs and affective reactions to first intercourse. In Study 2 (N = 359, mean age = 19.7, SD = 2.4), confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the 22-item factor breakdown. The resulting Virginity Beliefs Scale is discussed in terms of how it applies to Carpenter's original framework and its future research potential.     

新《东京公约》下的国际航空安全立法趋势——兼论其对自由贸易区的影响与对策

空中警察和航空安全员作为中国民航机上的专职安保力量已配置多年,随着近年来立法的不断修订与完善,有关其职业身份、法律地位、任职标准和职责权限等方面的内容也逐步得以确认与规范。但在中国国际航线业务的实践中,这支专职安保力量却时常在境外面临常规执勤与案（事）件处置等方面的尴尬。为了找到问题的症结,需要对国内法与国际法关于民航机上专职安保力量配置的相关立法、标准、建议进行比较研究,从而确证国际、国内在机上专职安保力量的概念、地位、职责、权限等问题上的差异,并结合中国国情与实际,从职责权限的设置到国际合作的强化等方面提出可能的完善方案。

     

First-order random coefficients integer-valued threshold autoregressive processes

In this paper, we introduce a first-order random coefficient integer-valued threshold autoregressive process, which is based on binomial thinning. Basic probabilistic and statistical properties of this model are discussed. Conditional least squares and conditional maximum likelihood estimators are derived for both the cases that the threshold variable is known or not. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are established. Moreover, forecasting problem is addressed. Finally, some numerical results of the estimates and a real data example are presented.     

A Further Study of Predictions in Linear Mixed Models

This article is concerned with the prediction problems in linear mixed models (LMM). Both biased predictors and restricted predictors are introduced. It was found that the mean square error matrix (MSEM) of a predictor strongly depends on the MSEM of corresponding estimator of the fixed effects and precise formulas are obtained. As an application, we propose three new predictors to improve the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). The performance of the new predictors can be examined easily with the help of vast literature on the linear regression models (LM). We also illustrate our findings with a Monte Carlo simulation and a numerical example.     

A Class of s–K Type Principal Components Estimators in the Linear Model

In this article, we introduce a new class of estimators called the s–K type principal components estimators to combat multicollinearity, which include the principal components regression (PCR) estimator, the r–k estimator and the s–K estimator as special cases. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the superiority of the new estimator over the PCR estimator, the r–k estimator and the s–K estimator are derived in the sense of the mean squared error matrix criterion. A Monte Carlo simulation study and a numerical example are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimator.     

基于GASEN技术的选择性BagBoosting Trees集成学习研究

目前集成学习算法已经成为机器学习研究的一大热点,已有人提出许多改进的集成学习算法。本文提出了一种综合了Boosting和Bagging算法特点的选择性集成学习算法--SE-BagBoosting Trees算法。并将其与几种常用的机器学习算法比较研究得出,该算法往往比其它算法具有更小的模型推广误差和更高的预测精度的优点。     

Testing diagonality of high-dimensional covariance matrix under non-normality

Under non-normality, this article is concerned with testing diagonality of high-dimensional covariance matrix, which is more practical than testing sphericity and identity in high-dimensional setting. The existing testing procedure for diagonality is not robust against either the data dimension or the data distribution, producing tests with distorted type I error rates much larger than nominal levels. This is mainly due to bias from estimating some functions of high-dimensional covariance matrix under non-normality. Compared to the sphericity and identity hypotheses, the asymptotic property of the diagonality hypothesis would be more involved and we should be more careful to deal with bias. We develop a correction that makes the existing test statistic robust against both the data dimension and the data distribution. We show that the proposed test statistic is asymptotically normal without the normality assumption and without specifying an explicit relationship between the dimension p and the sample size n. Simulations show that it has good size and power for a wide range of settings.     

A linear regression with unobserved dependent variables

Let (?,X) be a random vector such that E(X|?) = ? and Var(x|?) a + b? + c?² for some known constants a, b and c. Assume X₁,…,X_n are independent observations which have the same distribution as X. Let t(X) be the linear regression of ? on X. The linear empirical Bayes estimator is used to approximate the linear regression function. It is shown that under appropriate conditions, the linear empirical Bayes estimator approximates the linear regression well in the sense of mean squared error.     

Interactive association between negative emotion regulation and savoring is linked to anxiety symptoms among college students

Abstract

Objective: This study tested the interactive relationships between college students’ perceived capability of regulating negative emotions and savoring positive emotions on mental health outcomes, including anxiety and depressive symptoms. Participants: Participants were healthy undergraduates (n?=?167) recruited from two universities in Hong Kong. Methods: Students completed four scales assessing their perceived capability of using strategies to regulate negative and positive emotions and their anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results: Findings revealed that both anxiety and depressive symptoms were negatively linked to perceived capabilities of regulating negative emotions and savoring positive emotions. Furthermore, regulating negative emotions interacted with savoring positive emotions to predict anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The need to simultaneously perform negative and positive emotion regulation is highlighted. The results suggest the priority of regulating negative emotions over savoring positive emotions in alleviating anxiety symptoms. Nevertheless, enhancing positive emotion shows greater benefits for those who are less adept at regulating negative emotions.     

带方郡的盛衰及其对海东地区的影响

公孙氏借东汉末年中原混乱之机割据辽东,公元3世纪初在乐浪郡南部设置了带方郡,曹魏时期带方郡已成为中原王朝在海东地区的实际代理人.随着西晋海东政策的转变,带方郡由盛转衰,后因其地缘政治价值与东亚海上交流的重要地位,成为周边部族争夺的焦点.带方郡在其存在的百余年间,对海东地区产生了重要影响.