离婚诉讼前处理子女抚养纠纷的一种新机制——澳大利亚“家庭关系中心”评介及其启示

儿童最大利益原则,是联合国1989年《儿童权利公约》所倡导和现代许多国家处理儿童抚养和监护问题所遵循的首要原则。澳大利亚"家庭关系中心"设立的根本目的,就是为了指导和帮助分居后或离婚诉讼前的夫妻妥善处理其子女的照顾、抚养和探视等问题。澳大利亚"家庭关系中心"是处理分居后或离婚诉讼前的夫妻之子女抚养和监护等纠纷的一种新机制。其成功的实践经验对我国具有较大的借鉴意义。     

美国行政法的演化及其对我国行政法完善之启示

美国行政法历经近两百年的发展 ,从最初的传送带模式演变为专家知识模式 ,发展到近代的成本———利益分析 ,尽管每一次模式转变的背景、原理不同 ,但目的都是为行政权的行使寻求合理依据。我国行政法起步晚 ,结构体系、程序运作等诸多方面均存在不完善之处。通过对美国行政法演化过程的介绍分析 ,总结出行政法自身固有的民主、法治、分权、正当程度等一些普遍性准则 ,探讨其对我国行政法在转变传统观念、完善分权结构、加强司法审查和完善行政程序等方面可能提供的裨益     

妇联组织官办性的成因分析:一种路径依赖

妇联作为中国最大的维护妇女权益的群团组织,按其自身的发展逻辑而言,应是独立于政府的自治性组织。但当前我国的妇联组织在其运作过程中仍存在着较强的"官办性"。新制度经济学的路径依赖理论可以对这一现象作出解释。该理论认为,制度变迁容易形成路径依赖现象的原因一是既得利益集团的阻挠,二是非正式制度安排的影响。妇联官办性的成因从本质上讲亦是既得利益团体和非正式制度安排导致的路径依赖,而摆脱官办性带来的制度低效则需要政府和妇联组织的协同努力。     

深化与挑战:欧盟东扩及其走向分析

欧盟东扩极大地促进了欧洲一体化的深化,集中表现在欧盟超国家组织权限的进一步拓展以及多数表决制应用范围的扩大.但扩大对于深化又具有一定程度的否定性,东扩因此又对一体化的深化带来了部分挑战:其一是新成员国的加入将增加一体化的整合成本与难度;其二是东扩推动下的部分制度变革将会对一体化的深化带来一定的负面影响.然而东扩带来的挑战并不完全意味着一体化深化进程的停滞与终结,否定本身又孕育着推动一体化深化的新条件.     

业主公约法律性质之探讨

从成员权、业主团体的概念出发,探讨了业主公约的法律性质,提出了业主公约是业主团体针对现代小 区管理而设制的自治型契约。     

A stochastically curtailed two-arm randomised phase II trial design for binary outcomes

Randomised controlled trials are considered the gold standard in trial design. However, phase II oncology trials with a binary outcome are often single-arm. Although a number of reasons exist for choosing a single-arm trial, the primary reason is that single-arm designs require fewer participants than their randomised equivalents. Therefore, the development of novel methodology that makes randomised designs more efficient is of value to the trials community. This article introduces a randomised two-arm binary outcome trial design that includes stochastic curtailment (SC), allowing for the possibility of stopping a trial before the final conclusions are known with certainty. In addition to SC, the proposed design involves the use of a randomised block design, which allows investigators to control the number of interim analyses. This approach is compared with existing designs that also use early stopping, through the use of a loss function comprised of a weighted sum of design characteristics. Comparisons are also made using an example from a real trial. The comparisons show that for many possible loss functions, the proposed design is superior to existing designs. Further, the proposed design may be more practical, by allowing a flexible number of interim analyses. One existing design produces superior design realisations when the anticipated response rate is low. However, when using this design, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis is sensitive to misspecification of the null response rate. Therefore, when considering randomised designs in phase II, we recommend the proposed approach be preferred over other sequential designs.     

Disruptions,adjustments and hopes: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child well-being in five Majority World Countries

Drawing on integrated data from focus groups and diary entries, we explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child well-being for children from five Majority World Countries. We focus on the disruptions the pandemic caused, the adjustments made in response to these, and children's vision of a post-pandemic world. Underlying children's experiences of loss, boredom and concerns about educational progress, was an awareness of systemic inequalities that disadvantaged them or others in their community. Findings have implications on capturing children's voices through introspective and dialogical approaches that transcend cultures and for the development of preventive and responsive interventions during crises.     

中国农村地区的家庭禀赋与外出务工劳动力回流

中国农村地区家庭禀赋对个人的行为决策有着重要的影响,需要学术界予以更多的关注。为了考察外生性的家庭禀赋对劳动力就业流动的影响,文章通过构建新生代外出务工劳动力和户主子女的回流决策两个计量模型来进行经验论证。分析结果表明,农村劳动力的迁移选择是综合考虑家庭禀赋状况的理性决策,尤其是对于年轻一代的外出劳动力。家庭经济资本的增加会阻碍家庭外出务工成员的回流。外出劳动力回流的概率起初随着家庭人力资本和家庭自然资本的增长而上升,达到一定程度后开始下降。家庭成员只有拥有较为丰富的人力资本,外出务工劳动力才能对家庭社会资本加以充分利用。另外,分析显示年轻一代劳动力和第一代劳动力对家庭社会资本和自然资本的利用是有差异的。