Candidate emergence as movement mobilization: An analysis of Women's post-2016 electoral engagement

Political science scholarship argues that women's underrepresentation in American politics stems from a persistent shortage of female candidates. Women are less likely to run because they often perceive individual and structural obstacles that negatively impact their electoral interest. Such barriers remain intact, yet thousands of women have signaled their interest in running for office since the 2016 election by participating in candidate training programs (CTPs). Though running for office is not commonly defined as an activist activity, this article argues that theories of collective action and movement mobilization, rather than those focusing on the psychological aspects of candidate emergence, are better equipped to explain the recent increase of electoral interest. Using EMILY's List—an elite political entity that began as a grassroots social movement organization—as a case, this article integrates scholarship from sociology and political science to examine how feminist activist organizing can impact women's interest in running for public office. I first review the research on women's candidate emergence and CTPs before discussing the electoral movement strategies and the mobilizing impact of the media and collective action frames. The article reviews recent scholarship on the Women's March and the Resistance, then synthesizes the literature to examine EMILY's List and their electoral movement strategies leading up to the 2018 midterm elections. I conclude by suggesting avenues for future research that can bridge the relationship between movements and electoral politics and advance scholarly understanding of how, when, and why women run for office.     

Crossover of resources and well-being within employee-partner dyads: through increased schedule control

ABSTRACT

This study examined whether one partner’s additional resources obtained from a workplace intervention influence the other partner’s perception of having those resources at home (crossover of resources). We also examined whether one partner’s decreased stress by increased work resources crosses over to the other partner’s stress levels (crossover of well-being). Longitudinal data came from IT employees and their married/cohabiting partners in midlife (N?=?327). A randomized workplace intervention significantly increased employee-reported schedule control at the 6-month follow-up, which, in turn, increased partner-reported employees’ work schedule flexibility to handle family responsibilities at the 12-month follow-up. The intervention also decreased partners’ perceived stress at the 12-month follow-up through the processes by which increases in schedule control predicted decreases in employees’ perceived stress, which further predicted decreased levels of partners’ perceived stress. Notably, crossover of resources and well-being were found in couples who lived with children in the household, but not in couples without children. Our findings suggest that benefits of workplace support can permeate into the family domain, by increasing partner-perceived family resources and well-being.     

CWD Prevalence,Perceived Human Health Risks,and State Influences on Deer Hunting Participation

This study examined factors predicted by previous research to influence hunters’ decisions to stop hunting deer in a state. Data were obtained from mail surveys of resident and nonresident deer hunters in Arizona, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin (n = 3,518). Hunters were presented with six scenarios depicting hypothetical CWD prevalence levels and human health risks from the disease (e.g., death), and asked if they would continue or stop hunting deer in the state. Bivariate analyses examined the influence of five predictor variables: (a) CWD prevalence, (b) hypothetical human death from CWD, (c) perceived human health risks from CWD, (d) state, and (e) residency. In the bivariate analyses, prevalence was the strongest predictor of quitting hunting in the state followed by hypothetical human death and perceived risk. The presence of CWD in a state and residency were weak, but statistically significant, predictors. Interactions among these predictors increased the potential for stopping hunting in the state. Multivariate analyses suggested that 64% of our respondents would quit hunting in the worst‐case scenario.     

Moral dilemmas,trials, and gray areas: Exploring on-the-job moral development of public relations professionals

This qualitative exploratory study applied moral development theory to examine how 35 public relations professionals perceived their on-the-job moral development. Findings suggest that public relations professionals gain moral growth via dialogue and experience-based encounters involving moral values and moral intuition over the span of their careers. Results confirm previous theoretical research regarding moral development of public relations professionals situating practitioners as moral thinkers who apply personal and societal moral values to industry contexts.     

Introduction to Nonhuman Encounters: Animals,Objects, Affects,and the Place of Practice

This essay is the introduction to the panel “Nonhuman Encounters: Animals, Objects, Affects, and the Place of Practice” featuring papers by Carla Freccero, Katie Gentile, Ann Pellegrini, Nathan Snaza, Donovan Schaefer, Nuar Alsadir, Francisco Gonzalez, Julietta Singh, Eleonora Fabião, Michelle Stephens, and Patricia Clough. Each essay responds to the question of these encounters in places of practice, including the clinical.     

Nursing home complaints: who's complaining and what's gender got to do with it?

Long Term Care Ombudsman Complaint data from one state's 261 nursing homes are examined in the study. We assessed differences between male and female groups, including chiefly residents, but also ombudsmen, the residents' relatives or friends, administrators, legal representatives, and others regarding types and rates of complaints as reported in the Administration on Aging (AoA) major categories of: Resident Care, Resident Rights, Administration, Quality of Life, and Complaints Not Against Facility. Proportionately, male residents lodged more complaints than females. Further, males complained more than females about Resident Rights violations and filed more Complaints Not Against Facility. Females lodged significantly more complaints about Care, Quality of Life and Administration.Thus, males were more likely to report technical, impersonal, and legalistic issues, than females, who were more likely to express concerns about personal care and socioemotional-environmental issues. Results yielded further evidence of gender differences in the patterns of resident complaints. Nursing home social workers are highlighted as agents in changing embedded stereotypes about residents and complaints.     

Prevalence of Adolescent Problem Gambling,Related Harms and Help-Seeking Behaviours Among an Australian Population

Epidemiological studies have consistently reported prevalence rates ranging between 0.9 and 23.5% for problem gambling among young people. With such a large range reported in the literature, it is clear that more research in this area would be of value. The current study investigated the prevalence rate of adolescent gambling and problem gambling and explored types of harm-related and help-seeking behaviours associated with gambling specific to this population in an Australian setting. A self-administered battery of questionnaires was distributed to 252 students aged 12–18 years, attending four private schools in the Eastern suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The battery included a self-administered socio-gambling demographic questionnaire, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fourth Edition Multiple Response Juvenile (DSM-IV-MR-J) diagnostic instrument to assess problem gambling status, the Gambling Attitudes Scale, and questionnaires using a Likert scale to measure gambling-related harms and help-seeking behaviours. The prevalence rate among this group was found to be 6.7%. The study found further support for previous findings suggesting that a significant proportion of young people meet criteria for problem gambling, that males are at-risk and that few adolescents are able to recognise when gambling is problematic or access mental health professionals for assistance.