‘A murderous ‘underclass’? the press reporting of sexually motivated murder

The 'underclass' is widely held by commentators of the Right to be responsible for a host of social problems, including violent crime. This paper shows how in the reporting of sexually motivated murder in a sample of nine British newspapers for one complete year (1992), the image constructed is one where unemployed and other marginalised men are portrayed as the main perpetrators of sexual violence. This, the authors argue, hampers our understanding of sexual violence, for it suggests that it is only men of a 'low' socio-economic background who are a potential threat to women and children. It is also suggested that the 'symbolic environment' of the press reporting of sexual murder provides a context in which a more authoritarian benefit regime and greater control of poor communities can be spuriously justified.     

A longitudinal assessment of productivity in prominent sociology journals and departmental prestige

This paper tests the theory of cumulative advantage and disadvantage as it applies to the productivity and prestige of academic departments within sociology. The theory suggests that past perceptions of departmental prestige and cumulative records of faculty productivity are of greater significance than more recent levels of productivity in determining their perceived level of eminence within the discipline; a phenomenon due to the accumulation of past performance and recognition over time. The paper employs two widely disseminated measures of departmental eminence: the 1966 Cartter Report rankings and the 1982 Conference Boards assessments. Measures of departmental productivity are derived from cumulative publication histories of departments between 1936 and 1989 in three preeminent sociological journals; namely, theAmerican Sociological Review, American Journal of Sociology, andSocial Forces. The paper finds that while past accomplishments do not bear importantly on current perceptions of departmental prestige after controlling for the level of productivity maintained during the preceding decade, prior perceptions of prestige are strongly associated with current rankings. In addition, past perceptions of academic prestige are found to be highly stable, thereby creating the potential for a stratification hierarchy that allows for little mobility over time.     

The economics of housespousery: An essay on household work

The economic model of the household has been used extensively to examine questions relating to work within the household. This essay takes a critical look at this model and these household work applications. It concludes that the model provides several useful insights regarding factors that have influenced the decline in women's household work time during this century and the changes in the overall economic value of household work. In other areas (e.g., parental child care), the model has rarely been used although it has the potential to provide useful insights. Finally, in certain applications, such as investigations of the gender-related specialization of function within the household, the model relies on unrealistic assumptions that need to be modified if it is to prove useful. His research interests include the consumption, investiment, and time-use behavior of families and family members. Her research interests include family time allocation, household structure and economic well-being, and consumer policy.     

Rapid Ethnographic Assessment of HIV/AIDS among Garífuna Communities in Honduras: Informing HIV Surveillance among Garífuna Women

ABSTRACT

Garífuna, an Afro-Caribbean ethnic group in Honduras, have among the highest HIV prevalence rates in Central America; 15- to 49-year-old Garífuna have HIV rates comparable to heterosexual transmission rates in regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The heightened rates in this age range pose a significant risk of vertical transmission from woman to child at birth. In 2006, a Behavioral Surveillance Survey plus Biomarkers (BSS+) reexamined seroprevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV-related risk behaviors among Garífuna to inform HIV prevention activities and monitor trends in HIV transmission over time. To inform the BSS+ survey protocol, we conducted a rapid ethnographic assessment (REA) in Garífuna communities to specifically examine acceptability among Garífuna to be surveyed, suggest ways to minimize HIV-testing related stigma, and determine female gender-specific concerns among BSS+ respondents. Data were collected in 2 weeks in November, 2004, using a semi-structured interview guide for key informant interviews and focus groups. Seventeen key informant interviews and three focus groups were conducted; participant observation and 11 site visits were also conducted. Major findings included high Garífuna acceptability to participate in the BSS+ with key member involvement and incentives. Maintaining confidentiality at HIV testing sites is required to minimize Garífuna women's risk of intimate partner violence. Recommendations to BSS+ partners from this REA informed the BSS+ study protocol and was expected to increase participation and validity and decrease potential risks associated with women's survey participation.