Accounting for Social Value in Nonprofits and For‐Profits

The authors argue that social value can serve as a bridge between the nonprofit and for‐profit sectors. They further propose that social value is not simply an abstract concept but can be measured by applying social accounting methods. The authors argue that nonprofits are founded on a social mission but that traditional accounting approaches do not properly assess their social products. They illustrate the centrality of social value, both to nonprofits and for‐profits, in two ways: (1) a discussion of for‐profit firms that behave much like nonprofits and (2) an application of the social accounting model. The authors discuss two types of firms: (1) for‐profits whose shares are held in a trust and therefore operate much like corporations without shareholdersor like nonprofits and (2) for‐profits whose owners do not exercise the rights associated with their property. They then apply a social accounting model to nonprofit employment training programs to illustrate how the inclusion of social variables changes the assessment of an organization's value. They conclude with a discussion of a social accountability framework that embraces both nonprofits and for‐profits.     

Human capital and agency effects on CEO compensation of IPO biopharmaceutical firms and the market’s response

This paper examines the determinants of base pay and total incentive compensation packages of CEOs of biopharmaceutical firms that have recently gone public, and whether human capital and agency factors affect the market’s response to the initial public offering. We find that in terms of net proceeds, the IPO market appears to reward the firms that have founder-CEOs and CEOs with higher incentive compensation. CEOs with prior venture capital experience are associated with receiving higher incentive compensation, while CEOs with a greater ownership interest in the firm receive lower incentive compensation but higher salaries. CEOs of firms with a greater percentage of insiders are associated with lower salaries. The results should add to our understanding related to human capital and agency theories, as well as help firms and investors better understand and structure CEO compensation.     

Relationships Between the Great Recession and Widening Maternal and Child Health Disparities: Findings from Washington and Florida

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between the Great Recession in the United States and maternal and child health (MCH) disparities in     

Building a Clinically Relevant Picture of Attachment from Case Study Observations in a Parent-Infant Play Group

Differences in security of attachment are manifested in, and observable in, multiple everyday environments. Thus, a parent-infant play group suggests a potential setting for the assessment of attachment security and how it manifests itself in dyadic affective and behavioral interaction. Such assessments would enhance clinical understanding of the functions served by the relationship, as well as provide information relevant for targeted early intervention. This article describes an assessment process based on building a clinical picture from ongoing observation in a parent-infant weekly play group, and illustrates the process via a clinical case study of interactions observed between four mothers and their toddlers, with a particular focus on the affective qualities observed between mother and baby as these toddlers went about their play in a highly supportive, non-stressful environment. Dyads distinguished by differences in attachment security, as measured by the Deane and Waters (1985) attachment security Q-sort, were also distinguishable in patterns of emotional interchange during play. The important role that the attachment relationship has in helping the infant to organize and apply energy and emerging abilities to the world of play are clearly evident in these case studies. Such information should be useful to clinicians and early interventionists as they assess the meaning of attachment relationships within the contexts of the everyday environments of toddlers and their families.     

The decline of intelligence in New Zealand

The social setting in New Zealand to-day is in many respects noticeably different from that of the home country. Observers rarely fail to comment upon the equalitarianism in all walks of life, the stability of the family pattern, the Plunkett system and the achievements of social security. It may come as a surprise, therefore, that in New Zealand a similar downward trend of national intelligence can be observed, as has been ascertained for the United Kingdom by the notable pioneer inquiries of Sir Cyril Burt, Sir Godfrey Thomson and Dr Fraser-Roberts. In the United Kingdom the dysgenic selection seems to operate mainly through differential rates of reproduction in the various strata of society. These differentials are less marked in New Zealand, but it would appear that they are compensated by the effects of migration.     

Community Organization and Administration

The author argues that when minority content has been included in the social work curriculum, the affective domain of cross-cultural study has been bypassed in favor of cognitive mastery. This article presents a conceptual system for evaluating students' progress in the affective area as a way of preparing them for the demands of cross-cultural practice and as a step toward creating a confluence between content and process.