Gender and governance of global value chains: Promoting the rights of women workers

Private governance channelled through social compliance programmes and gender initiatives of multinational companies have had limited impact in tackling gender discrimination in global value chains (GVCs). The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) provide a public–private governance framework to address human rights globally, including gender equality. This article considers whether the UNGPs can provide a more effective governance framework for addressing women workers’ rights in GVCs. It argues that interlayered forms of governance (involving public, private and social actors) are critical in addressing gender discrimination in GVCs and advancing a gendered approach to human rights due diligence.     

It's Not Just Being Popular,it's Knowing it,too: The Role of Self‐perceptions of Status in the Associations between Peer Status and Aggression

Moderators of the well‐established association between status and overt and relational aggression were tested in a four‐year longitudinal sample (N = 358) of high school students. Self‐perceptions of popularity were found to moderate the link between actual peer‐perceived popularity and aggression, with adolescents who were both popular and aware of their popular status, scoring highest on peer‐nominated aggression and showing the greatest increases in aggression over time. Self‐perceptions of liking moderated the associations between social preference and aggression as well. Adolescents who saw themselves as disliked were particularly likely to show increases in aggression over time. The moderating effect of self‐perceptions was further moderated by gender in several cases. Findings are discussed in light of Coie's theory of the development of peer status theory. The social‐cognitive elements of high peer status, particularly of perceived popularity, are also highlighted.     

Discrete Trial Instruction vs. Mand Training for Teaching Children With Autism to Make Requests

The present study compared the effects of discrete trial instruction (DTI) and mand training on the acquisition of independent requests in 6 children with autism. Two multiple-probe designs across participants were conducted with 3 participants receiving mand training followed by DTI and the other 3 receiving DTI followed by mand training. Eye contact and challenging behaviors were also assessed across conditions. Results indicate that 5 of 6 participants made more independent requests and acquired requesting faster in the mand training condition, had slightly better eye contact in the DTI condition, and fewer challenging behaviors in the mand training condition. Overall, the results indicate that mand training is a more efficient method for teaching children with autism to make requests.     

Is Being Popular a Risky Proposition?

Longitudinal associations between social preference, perceived popularity, and risk behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, and sexual activity) were examined in a sample of high school students. Social preference did not predict any of the risk behaviors assessed, although the interaction between gender and social preference was predictive of sexual behavior. Perceived popularity in Grade 10 was predictive of increased alcohol use and sexual activity in Grade 12 for both boys and girls. A reciprocal relationship was found for boys, in which smoking in Grade 10 also predicted gains in perceived popularity over time. Furthermore, results suggested that gains in perceived popularity may be associated with subsequent losses in social preference over time, lending support for the “cycle of popularity” observed by Eder. Implications are discussed, including the personal impact of risk behaviors on perceived popular teens, as well as the broader influence their behavior may have on their less popular counterparts.     

Imaging the brain: visualising “pathological entities”? Searching for reliable protocols within psychiatry and their impact on the understanding of psychiatric diseases

Given that visualisations via medical imaging have tremendously increased over the last decades, the overall presence of colour-coded brain slices generated on the basis of functional imaging, i.e. neuroimaging techniques, have led to the assumption of so-called “kinds” of brains or cognitive profiles that might be especially related to “non-healthy” humans affected by neurological, neuropsychological or psychiatric syndromes or disorders. In clinical contexts especially, one must consider that visualisations through medical imaging are suggestive in a twofold way. Imaging data not only visually render pathological entities, but also tend to represent objective and concrete evidence for these psychophysical states in question. This article aims to identify key issues in visually rendering psychiatric disorders via functional approaches of imaging within the neurosciences from an epistemological point of view.     

Resolution of Delusional Parasitosis within Complicated Grief Group Therapy: A Case Analysis

In this article, the authors present the case of a 71-year-old female suicide survivor in our Complicated Grief Group Therapy research study who presented with delusional parasitosis (DP) that resolved over the course of treatment. The authors describe Complicated Grief Group Therapy for survivors of suicide and the effect of therapy on her DP symptoms. The unique treatment elements of Complicated Grief Group Therapy addressed the trauma features of her grief, her relationship with her deceased son, her social isolation, health care adherence, and progression to a healthy grief process.     

“Pretty Pressure” From Peers,Parents, and the Media: A Longitudinal Study of Appearance‐Based Rejection Sensitivity

Drawing from the tripartite sociocultural model of body image, the researchers examined whether direct messages and modeling from peers, parents, and media were concurrently and prospectively associated with appearance‐based rejection sensitivity (appearance‐RS) in young adolescents (M_age = 12.0 years). Appearance‐RS was higher among those who concurrently reported more appearance‐related teasing and pressure by peers, more parent teasing, and greater acceptance of media appearance ideals. In prospective analyses, greater increases in appearance‐RS over 1 year were found for adolescents who perceived higher levels of parental appearance‐related teasing and negative attitudes about their own appearance. Moderation analyses indicated the positive prospective association between parental negative appearance attitudes and appearance‐RS was found in younger but not older participants. Gender did not moderate associations.     

Predictors and Moderators of Sexually Related Distress in Women with Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder

Abstract

The degree of general distress reported by women with Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder (PGAD) varies greatly, which might relate to their level of anxiety or depression. A variety of medical problems also has been associated with PGAD symptoms. The current study sought to determine the most significant predictor of sexually related distress and examine possible moderators. Participants were 51 women who met the criteria for PGAD and completed an online survey. Hierarchical regression determined depression significantly predicted sexually related distress, but anxiety and stress measures did not. Erotophobia and perceived partner support did not moderate the relationship between depression and sexually related distress. Greater numbers of concomitant medical diagnoses were significantly correlated with sexually related distress. The results indicate that PGAD is experienced by women as sexually distressing. As we continue to learn more about PGAD, a biopsychosocial treatment approach to PGAD, including psychotherapy would seem warranted.     

A noise estimation method for corrupted correlated data

Data acquisition, both in time and in spatial domains, in many cases yields observations with a measurement error. The identification of such a component, that masks the phenomenon under study (signal), must be carried out before the model of interest is specified. The objective of the paper is to propose an estimator for the parameters of an additive noise and compare it with existing methods by applications to both simulated and real data sets.     

When it pays to be friendly: employment relationships and emotional labour in hairstyling

This article examines worker‐client relationships in hairstyling. Data are drawn from interviews with 15 hourly‐paid and 32 self‐employed hairstylists and a self‐administered survey. Relations of employment are found to be central to the deployment of emotional labour. Self‐employed owner‐operators are highly dependent on clients, rely on deep‐acting, enact favours, and are prone to emotional breaking points when they fail to realise their ‘congealed service’. In contrast, hourly‐paid stylists perform surface acting, resist unpaid favours and experience fewer breaking points. Methodologically this article demonstrates the importance of comparative employment relations analysis (CERA) for exposing the relationship between employment structures and labour process experiences.