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131.
Anne-Violette Bruyneel Simone C. Gafner Serge Ferrari Gabriel Gold Dominique Monnin Philippe Terrier Caroline H. Bastiaenen Lara Allet 《European review of aging and physical activity》2018,15(1):9
Background
Reduced hip muscle strength has been shown to be a major factor related to falls in older persons. However, comprehensive assessment of hip abduction strength in the clinical setting is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and intra-rater reliability of a quick and simple hip abductor strength test in a functional standing position.Methods
Individuals over 65 years of age were recruited from the geriatric department of a university hospital and an outpatient clinic. Thirty-two older subjects, including 16 fallers (≥1 fall during the last 12 months) and 16 non-fallers were included. Maximum voluntary isometric strength (MVIS) and rate of force generation (RFG) of the hip abductors of the right leg were evaluated in a standing position using a hand-held dynamometer. Two test-sessions were carried out. All hip strength values were normalized to participants’ weight. Reliability was determined using the intra-class correlation coefficient agreement (ICCagreement), the standard error of measurement (SEM) and a Bland and Altman analysis (BA).Results
All participants completed the strength tests, which took a mean 2.47?±?0.49 min (one limb). Intra-rater reliability was higher for MVIS (0.98[0.95–0.99]) than RFG (ICC?=?0.93[0.87–0.97]) for the entire sample. In the non-fallers, ICC was 0.98[0.95–1.00] (SEM?=?0.08 N.kg??1) for MVIS and 0.88[0.75–0.96] for RFG (SEM?=?1.34 N.kg-1.s-1). In the fallers, ICC was 0.94[0.89–0.98] (SEM?=?0.11 N.kg??1) for MVIS and 0.93[0.84–0.98] (SEM?=?1.12 N.kg??1.s??1) for RFG. The BA plot showed that the MVIS and RFG values did not differ across test-sessions, showing that no learning effect occurred (no systematic effect). The mean differences between test-sessions were larger and the LOA smaller in the fallers than in the non-fallers.Conclusion
Assessment of hip strength in a standing position is feasible, rapid and reliable. We therefore recommend this position for clinical practice. Future studies should investigate the diagnostic value of hip abductor strength in standing to discriminate between fallers and non-fallers, and to determine if change in strength following a falls prevention program reduces the risk of falls.132.
Idemauro Antonio Rodrigues de Lara John Hinde Cesar Augusto Taconeli 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2017,87(15):2962-2980
Transition models are an important framework that can be used to model longitudinal categorical data. A relevant issue in applying these models is the condition of stationarity, or homogeneity of transition probabilities over time. We propose two tests to assess stationarity in transition models: Wald and likelihood-ratio tests, which do not make use of transition probabilities, using only the estimated parameters of the models in contrast to the classical test available in the literature. In this paper, we present two motivating studies, with ordinal longitudinal data, to which proportional odds transition models are fitted and the two proposed tests are applied as well as the classical test. Additionally, their performances are assessed through simulation studies. The results show that the proposed tests have good performance, being better for control of type-I error and they present equivalent power functions asymptotically. Also, the correlations between the Wald, likelihood-ratio and the classical test statistics are positive and large, an indicator of general concordance. Additionally, both of the proposed tests are more flexible and can be applied in studies with qualitative and quantitative covariates. 相似文献
133.
Lara Rangiwhetu Nevil Pierse Philippa Howden-Chapman 《Kōtuitui : New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online》2017,12(2):235-245
Half of New Zealand’s renters report damp or mould problems with their homes, which can have negative health implications. Tenants in a newly upgraded social housing complex complained of being cold. Sealing strips around doors and baffles in rangehoods were installed. This exploratory study’s objectives were to determine: (1) whether the interventions influenced indoor temperature, (2) the extent to which indoor temperature changed and (3) benefits to the tenants. The before-and-after rapid response study was conducted in five social housing units. Indoor temperature was subjectively and objectively measured. Using multivariate normal linear regression, units were found to be on average 1.36°C warmer post-intervention after adjusting for outdoor temperature. Tenants’ daily diary entries also claimed units were warmer post-intervention. Simple minor interventions to block draughts made a relatively big difference to indoor temperature and comfort of those living there. Such interventions are worthwhile, especially when housing is tenanted by vulnerable populations. 相似文献
134.
Idemauro Antonio Rodrigues de Lara John Hinde Cesar Augusto Taconeli 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2019,48(4):1019-1039
We present global and local likelihood-based tests to evaluate stationarity in transition models. Three motivational studies are considered. A simulation study was carried out to assess the performance of the proposed tests. The results showed that they present good performance with the control of the type-I error, especially for ordinal responses, and control of the type-II error, especially for the nominal case. Asymptotically they are close to the classical test performance. They can be executed in a single framework without the need to estimate the transition probabilities, incorporating both categorical and continuous covariates, and used to identify sources of non-stationarity. 相似文献
135.
van Wanrooy,Brigid, Bewley,Helen, Bryson,Alex, Forth,John, Freeth,Stephanie, Stokes,Lucy and Wood,Stephen (eds) Employment Relations in the Shadow of Recession: Findings from the 2011 Workplace Employment Relations Study 2011 Palgrave 268 pp. £26.99 (paperback)
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Rachel Lara Cohen 《The British journal of sociology》2016,67(1):185-186
136.
Gender inequalities in sexual behavior are explored from the perspective of the theory of gender and power. This study focused on the effect of sex partner type (steady versus casual), drug use, and condom use self-efficacy regarding consistent condom use (CCU) among a community-based sample of adults. The sample included 1,357 African American men and women (M age 37.0, SD 13.1 years; 44% women, 66% men) from 61 disadvantaged census block groups in Atlanta, GA as part of a study of individual and neighborhood characteristics and HIV risk-taking. Having a steady partner decreased the odds of CCU, while higher condom use self-efficacy increased the odds of CCU. Among non-drug users, having a drug-using partner was associated with decreased odds of condom use for women only. Women with drug-using partners, especially a steady partner, were least likely to report CCU. Therefore, interventions intended to empower CCU among women need to expand beyond acknowledging the reduced control that women who use drugs demonstrate to also consider those who have drug-using sexual partners. 相似文献
137.
Katherine P. Supiano Lara Burns Haynes Vicki Pond 《Journal of gerontological social work》2017,60(2):155-169
ABSTRACTCaring for a person with dementia has adverse health and mental health effects that, for 9–25% of caregivers, persist as complicated grief (CG). For bereaved dementia caregivers unable to satisfactorily grieve, specialized Complicated Grief Group Therapy (CGGT) can restore healthy grief. We investigated therapeutic change in CGGT participants, using an adapted version of the Gillies’ Meaning of Loss Codebook. Participants demonstrated positive gains in 16 thematic areas, notably in moving on with life, summoning pleasant memories, and ascribing bad memories to disease rather than decedent. Meaning transitioned from negative to positive interpretations of the death over the course of treatment. 相似文献
138.
Stephanie BARRIENTOS Lara BIANCHI Cindy BERMAN 《International labour review / International Labour Office》2019,158(4):729-752
Private governance channelled through social compliance programmes and gender initiatives of multinational companies have had limited impact in tackling gender discrimination in global value chains (GVCs). The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) provide a public–private governance framework to address human rights globally, including gender equality. This article considers whether the UNGPs can provide a more effective governance framework for addressing women workers’ rights in GVCs. It argues that interlayered forms of governance (involving public, private and social actors) are critical in addressing gender discrimination in GVCs and advancing a gendered approach to human rights due diligence. 相似文献
139.
140.
Noelle R. Leonard Robert Freeman Amanda S. Ritchie Marya V. Gwadz Lara Tabac Victoria Vaughan Dickson Charles M. Cleland James Bolas Margo Hirsh 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2017,34(5):443-459
Organizations for runaway and homeless youth (RHY) provide essential services to highly vulnerable youth who have a wide variety of basic needs and complex psychosocial challenges. We present a mixed-methods case study of an RHY organization to identify the specific mechanisms and processes by the organization successfully promotes engagement and positive development of the youth they serve. We analyzed qualitative and quantitative data separately and then integrated these two strands of data. Our findings indicate a consistent convergence of responses across the data sources, in both the qualitative and quantitative strands, that consistently reflect the organization’s youth-centered approach. Primary among these policies and practices is the emphasis on building and maintaining empathetic relationships with youth, the promotion of youths’ autonomy, and an institutional culture of continuous evaluation of how the organization is meeting their mission to provide services that reflect best practices. 相似文献