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291.
Best Spatial Two-Stage Least Squares Estimators for a Spatial Autoregressive Model with Autoregressive Disturbances 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lung-fei Lee 《Econometric Reviews》2003,22(4):307-335
Estimation of a cross-sectional spatial model containing both a spatial lag of the dependent variable and spatially autoregressive disturbances are considered. [Kelejian and Prucha (1998)]described a generalized two-stage least squares procedure for estimating such a spatial model. Their estimator is, however, not asymptotically optimal. We propose best spatial 2SLS estimators that are asymptotically optimal instrumental variable (IV) estimators. An associated goodness-of-fit (or over identification) test is available. We suggest computationally simple and tractable numerical procedures for constructing the optimal instruments. 相似文献
292.
293.
R. M. Haralick E. Dougherty J. Ha T. Kanungo S. Karasu C. K. Lee L. Rystrom V. Ramesh I. Phillips 《Journal of applied statistics》1994,21(1):341-354
This paper first introduces a parametric model for the generation of stationary random correlated binary sequences. The parameters of the model include the probability that a pixel is a binary one pixel and the length of the structuring element which dilates the initially spatially uncorrelated sequence. The spatial statistics of such eroded, dilated, opened and closed correlated binary sequences are derived in terms of the spatial statistics of the input binary sequence. Understanding of such one-dimensional processing is a precondition for understanding what happens in the more interesting two- dimensional case. 相似文献
294.
Donna Lee King 《The Sociological quarterly》1994,35(1):103-120
The environmental crisis is presented as a contested cultural discourse with conflicting social and political narratives pervasively targeted at children. Textual analysis of an environmental cartoon, and interviews with the cartoon's producers and child viewers, are used to deconstruct popular themes being transmitted to children in the name of "saving the planet". The cartoon is critiqued as representing and promoting a liberal environmental paradox espousing: a simultaneous call for children to both conserve and consume; a diffusion of responsibility that supports the notion of environmental crisis as everybody's fault; simplistic, individualistic solutions to complex corporate and bureaucratic problems. Narratives of nature as a social actor are proposed as rhetorical and epistemological alternatives for the recreation of children's social, political, and environmental awareness. 相似文献
295.
Raymond L. M. Lee 《The American Sociologist》1994,25(2):59-72
The relationship between First and Third World scholarship may be characterized as a type of ideological dependency. This
dependency can be seen in the founding of sociology departments in many Third World universities that followed closely the
development of tertiary education during the colonial and postcolonial periods. These departments provide an important link
between Third World aspirations to modernize and First World production of sociological knowledge for rationalizing modern
experiences. They can therefore be considered a type of institutional measure of the fate of modernity in the Third World.
Because of the quest for modernity in the Third World, postmodernism will not likely be considered seriously as a reevaluation
of and challenge to modernity. The institutionalization of sociology and its probable response to postmodernism will be examined
in the context of a Third World nation, namely Malaysia. 相似文献
296.
297.
Michael G. Akritas Indrani Basak Myung Hwi Lee 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》1993,35(3):303-318
The properties of robust M-estimators with type II censored failure time data are considered. The optimal members within two classes of ψ-functions are characterized. The first optimality result is the censored data analogue of the optimality result described in Hampel et al. (1986); the estimators corresponding to the optimal members within this class are referred to as the optimal robust estimators. The second result pertains to a restricted class of ψ-functions which is the analogue of the class of ψ-functions considered in James (1986) for randomly censored data; the estimators corresponding to the optimal members within this restricted class are referred to as the optimal James-type estimators. We examine the usefulness of the two classes of ψ-functions and find that the breakdown point and efficiency of the optimal James-type estimators compare favourably with those of the corresponding optimal robust estimators. From the computational point of view, the optimal James-type ψ-functions are readily obtainable from the optimal ψ-functions in the uncensored case. The ψ-functions for the optimal robust estimators require a separate algorithm which is provided. A data set illustrates the optimal robust estimators for the parameters of the extreme value distribution. 相似文献
298.
Fred Chuah Lillian Datario Chuah Lee Reid-Smith Alan Rice Kelvin Rowley 《The Australian journal of social issues》1987,22(4):573-583
This paper challenges the assumption that Australian-Filipina marriages are prone to high rates of marital breakdown; and the belief that the incidence of Australian-Filipina marriages is sufficiently large to warrant the introduction of restrictive immigration policies for Filipinas. First we set the problem of Filipina bride migration in perspective by viewing it in the wider context of Australian immigration patterns — something that has been largely neglected in the discussion so far. Then we review the evidence on marital breakdown and show that Filipina-Australian marriages have been more successful than is commonly assumed. Finally, we consider the standard explanation of the breakdown of Filipina-Australian marriages in terms of ‘cultural differences’. Our conclusion is that much of the discussion has been based on implicit racial and sexual prejudices, rather than factual evidence. 相似文献
299.
An approach, using biomarkers (biological responses) for assessing the biological and ecological significance of contaminants present in the environment is described. Living organisms integrate exposure to contaminants in their environment and respond in some measurable and predictable way. Responses are observed at several levels of biological organization from the biomolecular level, where pollutants can cause damage to critical cellular macromolecules and elicit defensive strategies such as detoxication and repair mechanisms, to the organismal level, where severe disturbances are manifested as impairment in growth, reproduction, developmental abnormalities, or decreased survival. Biomarkers can provide not only evidence of exposure to a broad spectrum of anthropogenic chemicals, but also a temporally integrated measure of bioavailable contaminant levels. A suite of biomarkers are evaluated over time to determine the magnitude of the problem and possible consequences. Relationships between biomarker response and adverse ecological effects are determined from estimates of animal health and population structure. 相似文献
300.