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901.
Differences in Delaying Motherhood Across European Countries: Empirical Evidence from the ECHP 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Motherhood postponement and fertility decline have been observed in almost all developed countries. In this article, we aim
to assess some of the potential determinants of first childbirth timing in Europe, in a comparative perspective, using data
from the European Community Household Panel Survey (ECHP). We estimate, separately by country, hazard rates for the timing
at first childbirth conditioning to education and work characteristics. Moreover, in order to explain differences between
European countries, we decompose the differences between rates in the part due to the national population composition by specific
characteristics and the part due to different propensities for women with given characteristics. 相似文献
902.
The Extended Metropolitan Area in a New EU Member State: Implications for a Rural Development Approach 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
M. Bruna Zolin 《Transition Studies Review》2007,14(3):565-573
I examine the role of rural development strategies in a new member state (Romania) of the European Union and, in particular,
analyse the case of the metropolitan area of the Bucharest-Ilfov region. The analysis concerns the selected strategies for
rural development in the programming period 2007–2013. It must be noted that Romania is divided into nonadministrative development
regions and that the process of land privatisation is not yet concluded. These factors could have a negative influence on
the implementation of the interventions. The analysed region is situated in the Southern part of the country and in the central
part of the Romanian Plan. The total surface is about 1.8 square kilometres, of which 12.5% are occupied by the town of Bucharest
and 87.5% by Ilfov County; however, approximately 88% of the population is concentrated in the urban center and only 12% in
Ilfov County. The case study is characterised on the one hand by a high growth rate of the gross domestic product, a relatively
low unemployment rate, and increasing consumer good sales (mainly food and beverages); on the other, by some marked disparities
in macroeconomic indicators among regions and between rural and urban areas and an enormous lack of infrastructures. The case
study thus calls for a local approach in order to identify the strategies required to improve the quality of life of the regional
inhabitants (both in rural and urban areas) and to prevent pressure from the urban centre from compromising the rich rural
heritage
相似文献
903.
American ecologists recently began to address the ecology of cities. Concurrently, higher education institutions have developed sustainability education programs and instituted sustainability policies and projects. This paper draws together these two disparate areas by examining the nitrogen (N) budget of the Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota. We addressed the question: what were the annual inputs, outputs and internal cycles of N on the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus? We found that 508 Mg N yr-1 were brought into the campus and 494 Mg N yr-1 were emitted from the University of Minnesota campus. The largest N inputs were abiotic fixation (conversion of N2 to NOx by combustion) and food for humans and animals. The largest N output was NOx, followed by wastewater. Our results expand the understanding of the ecology of institutions within an urban area and provide an opportunity for improving urban ecology education and environmental policy at educational institutions. 相似文献
904.
Falk Hüffner Nadja Betzler Rolf Niedermeier 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2010,20(4):335-360
Polynomial-time data reduction is a classical approach to hard graph problems. Typically, particular small subgraphs are replaced
by smaller gadgets. We generalize this approach to handle any small subgraph that has a small separator connecting it to the
rest of the graph. The problem we study is the NP-hard Balanced Subgraph problem, which asks for a 2-coloring of a graph that minimizes the inconsistencies with given edge labels. It has applications
in social networks, systems biology, and integrated circuit design. The data reduction scheme unifies and generalizes a number
of previously known data reductions, and can be applied to a large number of graph problems where a coloring or a subset of
the vertices is sought. To solve the instances that remain after reduction, we use a fixed-parameter algorithm based on iterative
compression with a very effective heuristic speedup. Our implementation can solve biological real-world instances exactly
for which previously only approximations were known. In addition, we present experimental results for financial networks and
random networks. 相似文献
905.
Babacar Ndione 《Revue europeenne de demographie》2009,25(3):325-354
Despite the diversity of the variables considered, explanatory models of migration do not fully incorporate the locality of origin as a scale of observation for migratory behaviour. Migration is often perceived to generate notions of territory; conversely, are local territories drivers of mobility? If so, in what forms, and by what means? This article analyses international migration from the city of Kaolack in Senegal, with particular focus on the role of the neighbourhood in migration dynamics. Here, the neighbourhood is seen as relatively homogeneous and singular historical and social entity. The ties that are established and maintained from one generation to the next take the form of shared lifestyles and modes of organization which may influence inhabitants’ propensity to emigrate. 相似文献
906.
907.
Jun Guo 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2010,19(4):492-500
Let
\mathbbF(2n+d)q2\mathbb{F}^{(2\nu+\delta)}_{q^{2}}
be a (2ν+δ)-dimensional unitary space of
\mathbbFq2\mathbb{F}_{q^{2}}
, where δ=0 or 1. In this paper we construct a family of inclusion matrices associated with subspaces of
\mathbbF(2n+d)q2\mathbb{F}^{(2\nu+\delta)}_{q^{2}}
, and exhibit its disjunct property. Moreover, we compare the ratio efficiency of this construction with others, and find
it smaller under some conditions. 相似文献
908.
909.
Using a unique sample on ageing first generation immigrants in France, we explore the distribution of grandchild care across
offspring and the impact of this transfer on the labour supply of the mother. Our results indicate that grandchild care is
spread unequally across siblings, and this inequality is driven more strongly by better labour market potential than by weaker
financial status of the recipient. There is further evidence that even after accounting for potential endogeneity and unobserved
heterogeneity, grandchild care has a positive impact on the labour supply of the mother. The pattern of intergenerational
time transfers differs across people with different national and religions backgrounds. 相似文献
910.
Robert W. Strack Karyn Kai Anderson Camelia M. Graham Naomi Tomoyasu 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2007,24(3):261-283
Analysis reported here examined youth in residential group home placements in order to better understand how sexual behaviors,
drug use, and environmental experiences differ by race and gender subgroups. Data were collected from 336 youth aged 14–21
residing in one of 41 group homes in Maryland. Chi square and logistic regression analyses were done to determine differences
on study variables among the race-gender groupings. Results demonstrate not only significant health concerns overall but notable
differences were also found between race-gender subgroups. Findings suggest that found race-gender subgroup differences might
be informative for tailoring programming for youth of residential group home settings. 相似文献