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391.
This paper outlines the implicit conceptual basis of New Zealand's electoral district allocation, as embodied in the Electoral Act 1993. It puts the words of the Act into simple mathematical formulae and describes how these concepts are implemented in the Government Statistician's electoral calculations, with examples from the 1997 calculations. The paper shows how the Māori Option affects the number of Māori electoral districts, and describes an unexpected effect of the Option on the number of General electoral districts. 相似文献
392.
Barbara Ryan 《The American Sociologist》1990,21(2):164-178
This work is a biographical essay on the academic career of Helena Znaniecka Lopata, a noted sociologist in her own right
and the daughter of Florian Znaniecki, a principal contributor to qualitative and humanistic sociology. Lopata’s story documents
the difficulties of establishing a career in a social climate that did not place high value on women beyond their wife and
mothering roles. Once she defied her cultural expectations, she also had to overcome the shadow of her father’s legacy and,
finally, she had to find acceptance for doing research on women’s everyday life experiences. Lopata’s work provides important
insights into the sociological study of social roles and of gender as a structural component of stratified social systems.
She has published articles on the women’s movement, politics and the family, and the abortion controversy. Her book,Feminism and the Women’s Movement: Dynamics of Change in Social Movement Ideology and Activism, is forthcoming from Unwin Hyman.
A version of this paper was presented at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco,
CA. 相似文献
393.
The quest continues for a Code of Conduct embracing universal principles which will provide guidelines and norms for corporate decision making in our increasingly complex world of global business. The search continues to identify those criteria which will enable the corporate leadership, especially those engaged in international business to be more morally sensitive and to make better ethical decisions. This article will report on an ambitious initiative designed to achieve that goal: to develop through consultation and consensus new Guidelines for International Corporations. 相似文献
394.
395.
Tolchard B Thomas L Battersby M 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(4):499-506
General Practitioners (GPs) are well placed to identify problem gamblers and provide early intervention. To date there is
no evidence to suggest that GP’s are routinely screening patients for potential gambling problems. This paper discusses the
prevalence of problem gambling, the links with other health problems and ways that GPs can assist. Results from a pilot project
that provided educational resources to GPS are also discussed. Suitable screening tools are available that could easily be
used by GPs to assess the possibility of gambling problems in patients who may be at increased risk but do not seek help.
Early identification and intervention may help prevent a gambling habit escalating to a serious problem. More work needs to
be done to increase awareness with GPs of the extent of problem gambling in our community and to alert patients to the fact
that gambling can affect their health and that GPs can help. 相似文献
396.
Piercy F Banker J Traylor R Krug S Castanos C Cole E Ciafardini AJ Jordal C Rodgers B Stewart S Goodwin A 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2008,34(2):210-226
The authors of this article include the professor and most of the students in a doctoral course on marriage and family therapy ethical and professional issues that met the semester that a disturbed student shot and killed 32 Virginia Tech students and faculty before killing himself. In this article, we reflect through short essays on issues related to the tragedy, ethics, and recovery. 相似文献
397.
Blanchard C Fisher J Sparling P Nehl E Rhodes R Courneya K Baker F 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2008,56(4):341-346
Only 30% of college students meet the recommended amount of physical activity (PA) for health benefits, and this number is lower for African American students. Moreover, the correlates of PA may vary by ethnicity. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, the authors tested the utility of the theory of planned behavior for explaining PA intentions and behavior in Caucasian and African American students. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Participants were 238 African American (M age = 20.05 years, SD = 2.28) and 197 Caucasian (M age = 19.50 years, SD = 2.28) students who completed a baseline theory of planned behavior questionnaire and a follow-up PA measure 1 week later. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that affective (beta = .23) and instrumental (beta = .28) attitudes and perceived behavioral control (beta = .59) were significantly predictive of intention for the Caucasian students, whereas affective attitude (beta = .18) and perceived behavioral control (beta = .56) were significant for African American students. Furthermore, intention (beta = .33) was the lone significant predictor of PA for Caucasian students, whereas perceived behavioral control (beta = .23) was the significant predictor of PA for African American students. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that practitioners may need to consider ethnicity when developing PA interventions for college students based on the theory of planned behavior. 相似文献
398.
Ryan A. Smith 《The Sociological quarterly》1999,40(3):367-395
Using national data from the General Social Surveys, I examined race differences in the magnitude of the black-white gap among men in the odds of gaining access to positions of hierarchical authority at work and possible changes in this gap over the period 1972–1994. A test of William Julius Wilson's (1978) thesis of "the declining significance of race'and human capital/structural explanations for racial differences in access to hierarchical authority show that (1) blacks are less likely to be in the highest levels of job authority net of human capital, occupational location, family status, and region of residence, but there are fewer racial differences in access to lower positions of authority, and (2) blacks receive a lower authority return to their levels of education compared to whites. However, separate analyses based on subsamples of men living and working in large and small cities suggest that the racial gap in access to high authority and in the amount of authority returns to education is present more so among men living in large cities than small cities; but the racial gap in men's access to positions of high authority in small cities increased over the twenty-two-year period covered by the data. I discuss the implications of these findings for the persistent role of race in determining the life chances of black and white men. 相似文献
399.
In large epidemiological studies, budgetary or logistical constraints will typically preclude study investigators from measuring
all exposures, covariates and outcomes of interest on all study subjects. We develop a flexible theoretical framework that
incorporates a number of familiar designs such as case control and cohort studies, as well as multistage sampling designs.
Our framework also allows for designed missingness and includes the option for outcome dependent designs. Our formulation
is based on maximum likelihood and generalizes well known results for inference with missing data to the multistage setting.
A variety of techniques are applied to streamline the computation of the Hessian matrix for these designs, facilitating the
development of an efficient software tool to implement a wide variety of designs. 相似文献
400.