法国的都市人种学:从异国情调的社会到现代都市

1984年,G. 阿尔塔博分析和探讨了都市人种学研究的三大趋势:重点研究不同国家的移民聚居现象的都市人种学;继承芝加哥学派传统,主要通过对比乡村或传统社会的群居性,研究城市中的人际关系准则的都市人种学;侧重研究城市居民想像出来的事物的都市人种学。这篇研究论文的发表先于其他持不同观点的人,如C. 佩托纳探     

试论托忒文历史文献的史料价值

曾经活跃于从亚洲的青藏高原到欧洲的伏尔加河流域辽阔地区的杜尔本卫拉特人(四卫拉特人),自1648年冬天卫拉特蒙古的名僧及政治活动家和语言大师咱雅班第达创制托忒文以来,就用它撰写、翻译并印发了包括宗教、天文、地理、医疗、语言、历史等内容的许多书籍,其中不少是卫拉特人自己创作的编年体或纪事体历史文献。这些历史文献基本上创作     

婚姻压缩和两性别线性人口模型

关于两性别模型的研究,是由一致性问题引起的。其著名的例子是由Kuczynski,R.R.(1932)给出的。他的研究表明,在1920～1923年间,法国女性人口的净再生产率(NRR)为0.98,而男性为1.19。这一一致性问题引起了其后的一系列研究。其中最基本的问题是如     

东干人(中亚回族):历史——民族学概述

第三章 东干物质文化之三——服饰 东干移民带来了自己本民族的男式和女式服装,这些服装显而易见不同于七河地区当地居民的服装。 东干民族的所有服装分成三部分:夏装、春秋装及冬装。它的特点是简易及某些男、女服装相似性:裤子、单排扣服装、双排扣服装、节日的外衣。 东干族男子的服装已发生了很大变化,现在已完全过时了。但在初期,生活在七河地区的东干男人穿着满族式服装,并留有辫子。据说,当时七河地区的东干人居住得很密集,且多与外界隔离起来,因而这种服装在一个时期被保留了下来。然而随着时间的推移,后来,     

哲学家在当代社会中的作用——与美国著名哲学家罗蒂一席谈

R.罗蒂是当代美国最著名的哲学家之一。他1931年生于纽约,曾在普林斯顿执教20年,现在弗吉尼亚大学任教。他早年的研究旨在沟通和比较在盎格鲁-撒克逊国家占统治地位的分析哲学和以海德格尔和德里达为主要代表人物的欧洲哲学。     

林松韵译《斗篷之歌》序言

诗歌的翻译,从一种文字到另一种文字,是繁难、艰巨而伤脑费神的,除非是对于精明熟练的航行水手——钟情于在汹涌湃澎的惊涛骇浪中驾船行驶。善于完成此项复杂工序者,难得碰见。中国的穆斯林学者叶哈雅·林松哈吉,是面临实际而敢于尝试并力求完善的、寥寥可数的学子之一,正象令人赏心悦目的能工巧匠,凭自己的指尖雕饰出奇珍异宝。早先,学者叶哈雅曾经肩负起翻译尊贵《古兰经》为中文的重任,如果不具备对于《古兰经》、《圣训》和教法等知识融汇贯通的素养,这一项庄严使命是不能完成的。因为《古兰经》的体裁别具风格,它不是诗歌,也不是散文,奇妙的文体,既不是宣礼的盟词,又不是可以类比的灵感;既非韵散的混杂揉合,亦非摹拟效尤的骈文。其章节段落的微言奥意,不是紧密连贯     

Sense of Belonging in School as a Protective Factor Against Drug Abuse Among Native American Urban Adolescents

This article presents the results of a study conducted with 243 Native American students who were part of a multi-ethnic sample of adolescents attending middle school in a large urban center in the Southwest region of the United States. Native adolescents who felt a stronger sense of belonging in their school were found to report a lower lifetime use of alcohol and cigarettes, lower cigarette and marijuana use in the previous month, lower frequency of current use of these substances, fewer substances ever used, and a later age of initiation into drug use than other Native students. Research implications are discussed in relationship to school environment, culturally-grounded prevention curricula, and school social work practice.     

Monitoring the education gap in Thailand: trends and differentials in lower and upper secondary schooling

"Using 1980 census and 1987 survey data on birth cohorts to examine recent primary and secondary school enrollment trends [in Thailand], this study reports that primary enrollment is nearly universal but secondary enrollment is much less prevalent. The study assesses several factors thought to influence enrollment and finds that urban residence, parents' completion of primary school, the mother's positive attitude toward education, and the family's being comfortable economically to be associated with children's enrollment in secondary school. It also indicates that, for moderately well-off families, proximity to schools has a major influence on secondary school attendance. For the wealthiest families, however, distance is not a hindrance to attendance, and for the poorest families, having a school nearby is not sufficient to ensure attendance."     

Effects of migration on family structure in the receiving country

The recognition of the right to family reunification in 1976 brought far-reaching changes in the characteristics of the foreign population in France. Today, France's immigrant population has the following characteristics: 1) 42.6% are female, 2) 40% are under 25 years of age, and 3) foreigners are increasingly dispersed throughout France. Those with residents' cards may automatically obtain residents' cards for their spouses and children. France's reception policy calls for a social worker to visit a recently arrived family, to assess their need for and to promote social services. Problems of adaptation include 1) wives' social isolation and 2) changes in relations between father and children. The integration policy conducted by public authorities has 4 main aspects: 1) socio-educational activities, 2) cultural activities, 3) vocational training, and 4) activities connected with housing and lifestyle. In 1975, France began offering assisted return procedures to dismissed unskilled workers. In 1984, the authorities introduced public assistance in reintegration for workers under threat of dismissal or who had already been dismissed. The number of foreigners resident in France should remain stable over the next few years, making the integration of immigrant communities within French society a vital task.     

AIDS as a political issue: working with the sexually prostituted in the Philippines

An estimated 200,000-500,000 men, women, and children work in prostitution in the Philippines in a variety of venues, including brothels, nightclubs, pubs, massage parlors, and other legitimate entertainment establishments. Few, however, are voluntary prostitutes. Many people who work as prostitutes have been recruited from the provinces, kept in conditions similar to slavery, and forced to earn money from prostitution to pay for their transportation, board, and lodging. Many prostitutes work in urban centers and tourist resorts in the countryside. During the 1970s, then President Ferdinand Marcos promoted tourism as a major industry, effectively marketing attractive Filipinas to tourists. Sex tourism has flourished in the country ever since. Thousands of prostitutes are also located in Olongapo and Angeles, 2 cities north of Manila, from where they serve the sexual desires of US military personnel. The presence of US military personnel in the Philippines has always been associated with prostitution. The country's social hygiene centers, prostitutes in Manila and Davao, and AIDS education are briefly discussed.