Group decision making under uncertainty a note on the aggregation of “ordinal probabilities”

This paper is a first attempt to study the problem of aggregation of individual ordinal probabilistic beliefs in an Arrowian framework. We exhibit some properties an aggregation rule must fulfil; in particular we prove the existence of a quasi-dictator.     

Social Work with Greek Migrants: A personal experience of the issues and dilemmas

Abstract

Parenthood is increasingly a choice being made by lesbians in Australia. Although children conceived in heterosexual relationships have been raised in lesbian-parented households since the 1970s, there is now an emerging trend of children being conceived within lesbian relationships. The emergence of new family forms has implications for individuals, families, and the broader community. The present paper draws on the experiences of 17 lesbian-parented families living in Sydney and regional New South Wales. Adopting an ecological framework towards child development, it argues that both informal and formal support systems are important in enhancing the protective factors to support these families. The paper identifies a number of critical times of vulnerability for these families. At these times, if informal support systems fracture, the formal support system can play a significant protective role towards lesbian-parented families and support lesbian-parented families to achieve optimum family and child wellbeing.     

Men's things: Masculine possession in the consumer revolution

This article uses the diaries of the Sussex shopkeeper Thomas Turner, the Reverends James Woodforde of Norfolk and William Holland of Somerset, and the Yorkshire schoolmaster Robert Sharp to explore men's multiple relations to the consumer market in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century England. Arguing that historians have unduly discounted male participation in household provisioning and personal purchasing, it documents these diarists' engagement with a host of quotidian exchange activities. Avid purchasers and consumers of fish, potatoes, lace, buttons,china and clocks,these men were also active in promoting extended gift relations among neighbours, friends and kin. Their strategic deployment of gifts fostered sociability and commerce while bolstering hierarchical distinctions within the community and the state. Helping to constitute a broad-based moral economy of exchange, these masculine gifting behaviours meshed easily with the men's identities as acquisitive purchasers of consumer goods but undercut their ability to act as economic free agents. An understanding of men's shifting relations to the world of things in this period helps to explain the broader changes in English market moralities that underpinned the transition from custom to contract in the nineteenth century.     

An Opportunistic Field Experiment in Community Water Conservation

This quasi-experimental, seven-year study evaluated the effectiveness of an educative versus a price structuring approach to the strategic management of domestic water consumption. The Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior scales of the Water Survey Questionnaire (Watson, Moore, McLachlan, Bradley & Murphy, 1988) measured the effects of the two strategies on water conservation. Two thousand six hundred parents, teachers, high, and elementary students in cross-sectional and longitudinal samples were measured in three data gathering rounds at the first, fourth, and seventh years. In the educative phase between the first and second rounds, water conservation increased. Although there was no significant change in behavior, some decline in positive attitudes and intentions occurred during the price structuring phase between the second and third rounds. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to other studies. Findings on the stability of inter-group and inter-variable relationships and on the consistency of the measuring instrument across time are also presented and discussed.     

A methodological evaluation of public relations research

An examination of journal articles published from 1989 to 2007 reveals that although public relations scholars appear to have followed rigorous procedures, reporting on research protocols is inadequate in some quantitative and qualitative studies. Most areas of needed improvement concern sins of omission, not of commission.     

Community development activities in the context of contracting

In Australia, as elsewhere, relations between government and community sector organisations^* have undergone fundamental change over the past decade. Economic rationalism and new manageralism have reshaped funding arrangements, seeing the widespread introduction of contracts with service specifications, performance measures and reporting requirements. Within the literature there is considerable anxiety about the impact contracting may have on the community development activities of community sector organisations. This article draws on the experience of over 500 community sector organisations that provide human services to explore how contractual arrangements have affected some aspects of their community development activities. The research findings suggest that, from the perspectives of organisations, the adverse impacts have been less than anticipated.     

Adaptive Governance,Uncertainty, and Risk: Policy Framing and Responses to Climate Change,Drought, and Flood

As climate change impacts result in more extreme events (such as droughts and floods), the need to understand which policies facilitate effective climate change adaptation becomes crucial. Hence, this article answers the question: How do governments and policymakers frame policy in relation to climate change, droughts, and floods and what governance structures facilitate adaptation? This research interrogates and analyzes through content analysis, supplemented by semi‐structured qualitative interviews, the policy response to climate change, drought, and flood in relation to agricultural producers in four case studies in river basins in Chile, Argentina, and Canada. First, an epistemological explanation of risk and uncertainty underscores a brief literature review of adaptive governance, followed by policy framing in relation to risk and uncertainty, and an analytical model is developed. Pertinent findings of the four cases are recounted, followed by a comparative analysis. In conclusion, recommendations are made to improve policies and expand adaptive governance to better account for uncertainty and risk. This article is innovative in that it proposes an expanded model of adaptive governance in relation to “risk” that can help bridge the barrier of uncertainty in science and policy.