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131.
SOCIAL INFLUENCE, SELF-REFERENT IDENTITY LABELS, AND BEHAVIOR 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bruce J. Biddle Barbara J. Bank Don S. Anderson Ragnar Hauge Daphne M. Keats John A. Keats Marjorie M. Marlin Simone Valantin 《The Sociological quarterly》1985,26(2):159-185
Self-referent identity labels are frequently argued to be a central component of the self and to be important in the planning of conduct. Despite the attractiveness of this argument, relatively little research has yet appeared that supports it, and studies of the etiology and effects of self-referent labels often fail to control for the confounding effects of preferences, norms. or other conceptions that are known to affect conduct. In this paper, propositions are argued concerning the causes and independent effects of self-referent labels. Some of these propositions are then tested in two studies, one concerned with alcohol use among adolescents in four Western countries, the other focused on alcohol and tobacco use among American high-school and undergraduate students. Both studies found strong ties between reports of peer modeling and respondents self-referent labels and that the latter had significant and independent effects on reported behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications of findings are discussed. 相似文献
132.
Robert E. Larzelere Marjorie L. Gunnoe Mark W. Roberts Hua Lin Christopher J. Ferguson 《Marriage & Family Review》2020,56(4):287-319
AbstractIn our initial article we raised concerns about a paradigm we called “Exclusively Positive Parenting” (EPP). This paradigm opposes all negative disciplinary consequences, including timeout and privilege removal. We argued that the empirical support for EPP was insufficient. Researchers should not rely on insufficient causal evidence to replace well-established parenting perspectives that combine positive parenting with appropriate firm control. In reply, Holden et al. defended EPP. In this rejoinder to them we do two things. First, we use their citations to evaluate the limited causal evidence (four randomized studies) for what EPP supports. Second, we summarize the evidence for timeout, which EPP opposes. To do that, we offer the first known meta-analysis of the overall effectiveness of timeout, based on 24 studies with strong causal evidence for its effectiveness with young oppositional defiant children (6 randomized clinical studies; 18 small-N experimental designs). We call for parenting researchers to synthesize positive parenting techniques and disciplinary consequences based on adequate causal evidence. 相似文献
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Arnold Brown 《Long Range Planning》1983,16(3):18-20
In this provocative article the author suggests that planners should now leave the field of rational decision-making to high technology machines and should themselves concentrate on the non-rational judgmental aspects of human activity. Management is not and never can be a science, and with the growing awareness among businessmen and academics that over-rationality is eventually harmful, planners should be adding qualitative analysis and interpretation to their role and becoming more aware of the complexities of the non-rational aspects of managerial planning. 相似文献
135.
Sara Staats Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Christie Partilo 《Social indicators research》1995,34(1):93-112
Past and present well-being of university students from Canada and the United States are compared. Ratings for the domains of health, recreation, self-esteem, and education decreased significantly between the 1984 measures and the 1992 measures. Canadian students generally rated the domains lower than did students from the United States. Self-discrepancy measures tended to decrease and hope measures for the United States students indicated less hopefulness now than in 1984. In general, student perceptions of well-being seem poorer now than in the past.A path analysis revealed that MDT predicted 39 percent of the variance for satisfaction and 45 percent for happiness. Empirical support is provided for most of the hypothesized paths and for self esteem and social support as conditioners of well-being. The results are consistent with cultural convergence and theories of well-being that incorporate both actual world changes and individual perception of those changes. 相似文献
136.
In linear regression models, predictors based on least squares or on generalized least squares estimators are usually applied
which, however, fail in case of multicollinearity. As an alternative biased estimators like ridge estimators, Kuks-Olman estimators,
Bayes or minimax estimators are sometimes suggested. In our analysis the relative instead of the generally used absolute squared
error enters the objective function. An explicit minimax solution is derived which, in an important special case, can be viewed
as a predictor based on a Kuks-Olman estimator. 相似文献
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We analyze the impact on stock prices, and thus on stockholders, of 84 newspaper announcements regarding corporate age discrimination
lawsuits. We find that, on average, initial announcements cause a 2 percent decline in stock price, a $40 million average
loss in total stock value for the large firms charged. The stock price decreases are consistent with investor concerns about
the firms’ ability to attract and retain good employees given the discrimination charges. Though age discrimination in employment
is a pervasive and growing problem, such findings may discourage managers from engaging in discriminatory practices.
The authors thank Jane Blank and Malcolm Matthew for helpful comments. This research was supported by a University of Windsor
Research Board Grant. 相似文献