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71.
In this study, we investigate to what extent macro-economic circumstances and social protection expenditure affect economic deprivation. We use three items from round five of the European Social Survey (2010–2011) to construct our latent outcome variable, which we label economic deprivation in the 3 years before 2010–2011. The results of our linear multilevel regression analyses indicate that in countries that perform worse economically, individual experiences of economic deprivation are more prevalent: the stronger the rise in the unemployment rate and the lower a country’s wealth, the more economic deprivation individuals experience. We also find that in countries with high levels of social protection, people experience less economic deprivation as compared to countries with low levels of social protection. In turn, adverse economic conditions in a country temper these positive outcomes of social welfare arrangements. Finally, our study reveals that the strength of the relationship between a low income and economic deprivation strongly varies according to the economic circumstances in a country and the generosity of the welfare state. 相似文献
72.
We discuss qualitative and quantitative research findings from a study exploring the benefits and effectiveness of a 12-week arts-based mindfulness group program for vulnerable children (children who were involved with the child welfare or mental health systems and experienced a variety of challenges). Using post-group individual interviews with children/guardians, and pre and post-intervention self-report data (using the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale and the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents), we hypothesized that children would have improved resilience and self-concept after having completed the program. Interpretive thematic qualitative analysis was conducted using transcribed interview data collected from 47 children (30 girls and 17 boys with a mean age of 10.38 years). The perceived benefits of participating in the group included improved (a) emotion regulation, (b) mood, (c) coping/social skills, (d) confidence and self-esteem, (e) empathy, and (f) ability to pay attention and focus. The quantitative analysis used self-report data from 77 children (43 girls and 34 boys with a mean age of 10.34 years). A repeated measures MANOVA was used to examine changes across the intervention period. Our hypothesis that children would have better scores on self-concept after having completed the program was partially supported and this result reflected the perceived improvements derived from the qualitative analysis. The hypothesis that resilience would improve post-group was not supported. Using these promising results, we discuss how strengths-based and arts-based mindfulness group methods may be effective in engaging vulnerable children in a beneficial helping process. 相似文献
73.
A number of studies have suggested breastfed infants have improved bonding and attachment or cognitive development outcomes.
However, mechanisms by which these differences might develop are poorly understood. We used maternal time use data to examine
whether exclusively breastfeeding mothers spend more time in close interactive behaviors with their infants than mothers who
have commenced or completed weaning. Mothers (188) participating in a time use survey recorded infant feeding activities for
24 h over a 7 day period using an electronic device. Tracking was conducted at 3, 6, and 9 months postpartum. Data was collected
for maternal activities including infant feeding and time spent in emotional care. The mothers of exclusively breastfed infants
aged 3–6 months fed them frequently and total time spent in breastfeeding averaged around 17 h a week. Maternal time spent
in emotional care was also substantial, and found to correlate positively with time spent breastfeeding. Exclusively breastfed
infants received greatest amounts of emotional care from their mother, and exclusively formula fed infants the least. Mixed
fed infants received more emotional care time than formula fed infants, but less than fully breastfed infants. These findings
may help explain the differential cognitive developmental outcomes reported in the medical literature for breastfed and non
breastfed infants. 相似文献
74.
Mark Cooney 《The British journal of sociology》2009,60(3):473-492
Despite growing awareness of the limitations of group‐level analyses in ethnic studies, research on ethnic conflict has paid virtually no systematic attention to variation at the individual or micro level. Addressing that gap, the present paper draws upon data from interviews conducted with members of two broadly‐defined categories recently arrived in the Republic of Ireland, Muslims and Nigerians. Results indicate that while members of both immigrant categories experience a good deal of ethnic conflict or hostility, such conflict is rarely collective and invariably varies across individuals. The research data are consistent with Donald Black's theory of moralism. Black's theory, based on his theoretical system known as pure sociology, predicts that ethnic hostility increases with the social inferiority and cultural distance of the immigrant, and that higher status immigrants are more assertive in responding to hostility, though they experience less of it (the status paradox). 相似文献
75.
Julia Calver Gennia Cuthbert Sue Davison David Devins Iestyn Hughes 《Human Resource Development International》2013,16(1):94-105
This article reports on the outcome of a Future Search Conference in the UK to consider human resource development (HRD) in 2020 and beyond. We firstly consider themes from the past into the present. This includes the persistence of solutions in HRD that are systematic, predictable, how apprenticeships in the UK have had to accommodate government policies to ameliorate youth unemployment and the long-standing difficulty for HRD of failing to demonstrate a return on investment (ROI) on activities. We then present four scenarios based on key questions for the future relating to value of HRD and whether this will be a future for HRD. Reponses to the questions form scenario logics which we present against the theme of city tour. Each scenario is explained against the presented logic with positive, negative, ambiguous and uncertain implications for HRD. We suggest that each scenario carries a glimpse of what might be. 相似文献
76.
Mark Morey 《Australian Social Work》2013,66(3):51-56
Abstract Limited research has been conducted in relation to the impact of private policing on young people. Research has primarily focused on young people and their use of public space, their use of the street or the policing of working class families and their children. This paper outlines an investigation of young peoples use of public spaces and their experiences of security guards within the greater Sydney metropolitan area of New South Wales. The paper also outlines the experiences of shopping centre managers in relation to the management of young people within their centres. The research found that young people are over policed within public spaces and especially in shopping complexes. Young people are primarily over policed within these spaces because of the perceived fears other groups within the community hold in relation to young people, especially those in groups. 相似文献
77.
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80.
Mark Tausig 《Sociological focus》2013,46(4):333-340
Abstract The general purpose of this paper is to develop an explanation of how the macrostructural distribution of social resources affects the microsocial structure of personal social networks and, therefore, constraints on individual purposive action. Specifically, the paper attempts to provide a theoretical integration for two sets of recent findings; those noting status-related variations in personal network structures and those noting differential success in occupational attainment as a function of personal network structure and use. It is suggested that the effects of macrosocial and microsocial structure on purposive action in general can now be understood using a social resources perspective. 相似文献