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111.
Nowicki Marvin E. 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2000,11(3):217-235
The Republic of Kazakhstan is developing a nonprofit sector, albeit slowly. It still suffers from the experience of 70 years of Communism but is now moving forward with development. This survey reviews the history, evolution, scope, and currency with a focus on the legal underpinnings of the nonprofit sector in Kazakhstan. In addition to discussing the traditions and cultures affecting development, the survey mainly concentrates on the legal and legislative obstacles that discourage rather than encourage more rapid development of the third sector in this Central Asian state. 相似文献
112.
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114.
Zu Wei Zhai Sarah W. Yip Marvin A. Steinberg Jeremy Wampler Rani A. Hoff Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin Marc N. Potenza 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2017,33(4):1169-1185
The study systematically examined the relative relationships between perceived family and peer gambling and adolescent at-risk/problem gambling and binge-drinking. It also determined the likelihood of at-risk/problem gambling and binge-drinking as a function of the number of different social groups with perceived gambling. A multi-site high-school survey assessed gambling, alcohol use, presence of perceived excessive peer gambling (peer excess—PE), and family gambling prompting concern (family concern—FC) in 2750 high-school students. Adolescents were separately stratified into: (1) low-risk, at-risk, and problem/pathological gambling groups; and, (2) non-binge-drinking, low-frequency-binge-drinking, and high-frequency-binge-drinking groups. Multinomial logistic regression showed that relative to each other, FC and PE were associated with greater likelihoods of at-risk and problem/pathological gambling. However, only FC was associated with binge-drinking. Logistic regression revealed that adolescents who endorsed either FC or PE alone, compared to no endorsement, were more likely to have at-risk and problem/pathological gambling, relative to low-risk gambling. Adolescents who endorsed both FC and PE, compared to PE alone, were more likely to have problem/pathological gambling relative to low-risk and at-risk gambling. Relative to non-binge-drinking adolescents, those who endorsed both FC and PE were more likely to have low- and high-frequency-binge-drinking compared to FC alone or PE alone, respectively. Family and peer gambling individually contribute to adolescent at-risk/problem gambling and binge-drinking. Strategies that target adolescents as well as their closely affiliated family and peer members may be an important step towards prevention of harm-associated levels of gambling and alcohol use in youths. 相似文献
115.
This paper studies four methods for estimating the Box-Cox parameter used to transform data to normality. Three of these are based on optimizing test statistics for standard normality tests (the Shapiro-Wilk. skewness, and kurtosis tests); the fourth uses the maximum likelihood estimator of the Box-Cox parameter. The four methods are compared and evaluated with a simulation study, where their performances under different skewness and kurtosis conditions are analyzed. The estimator based on optimizing the Shapiro-Wilk statistic generally gives rise to the best transformations, while the maximum likelihood estimator performs almost as well. Estimators based on optimizing skewness and kurtosis do not perform well in general. 相似文献
116.
Marvin E. Dodson 《Journal of Labor Research》2002,23(1):25-40
VI. Conclusions West Virginia counties do provide evidence of significant dis-employment due to the minimum wage, a finding
that supports the theory that low-wage areas are more susceptible to employment losses when the legislated minimum wage is
increased. My results show that a 10 percent increase in the minimum wage will reduce total employment in the average West
Virginia county by 1.1 percent. The most rural counties may also respond more severely, up to 1.4 percent for the same minimum
wage change.
I thank Clifford Hawley, Sudeshna Bandypadhyay, George Hammond, Stratford Douglass, Brian Cushing, Tom Garrett, Victor Claar,
Gary Wagner, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. 相似文献
117.
This paper is an exploration of the internationalization-performance relationship in the context of contemporary knowledge intensive services. After background literature, we build theory in the context of service firms to explain how performance in international diversification largely depends on building various relevant organizational competencies. We develop two hypotheses: one concerning a reverse u-shaped internationalization-performance function for these firms in general, and another differentiating between U.S. and U.K. firms. Data on 76 U.S. and 13 U.K. firms are analyzed using hierarchical regression. The findings sustain the reverse u-shaped internationalization-performance relationship for these firms in general, but also suggest that the prospects are quite different for U.S. versus U.K. firms. Our findings add to an emerging stream of research that indicates a resolution to the hitherto ambiguous internationalization-performance relationship; and we also suggest a convergence between findings in capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries. The paper concludes with some implications for practitioners. 相似文献
118.
Marvin S. Finkelstein 《The American Sociologist》1994,25(3):20-36
The discipline of sociology remains vulnerable in an environment of economic uncertainty and global change. Constraints on
higher education are likely to increase and recurrent pressures on traditional liberal arts programs will continue unabated.
An older, more diverse, cost-conscious and career-minded student population will increasingly insist on clearer pathways to
difficult and bewildering labor markets. But sociology’s weakness as a liberal art may be overcome by combining it with a
more applied and practical orientation. The very forces that threaten the discipline’s institutional existence make it profoundly
relevant and valuable in an age of social transformation. Based on a familiar Millsian conception of the sociological imagination,
this article attempts to combine sociology’s liberal tradition with its role as a “useful art,” honed into the specific features
of workplace change and the employment setting. It does so by suggesting five categories of emerging skills in the global
economy and ways that sociology has a far reaching claim to their practice and development. The categories are: 1) the skills
of knowledge workers; 2) skills in the learning organization; 3) skills in the technological context; 4) skills in the diverse
and divided workplace; 5) change-making skills. The article concludes by urging those in the discipline to make sociology
more of a useful art that has practical application in a changing world.
An earlier version of this article was presented at the Sociological Practice Association 15th Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado,
June 11, 1993. 相似文献
119.
We consider estimation of P(Y<X) when X?Γr(M,λ) and Y?Γ(N,μ) are independent with M and N known. A concise representation of the UMVUE and several representations for the MLE are derived. Closed-form exact expressions of both MSE's and the bias of the MLE are obtained. Large-sample results are given and numerical comparison of the two point estimators is made. Confidence intervals are given. 相似文献
120.