Chiari type I malformations in young adults: implications for the college health practitioner

The authors describe 2 cases of Chiari type I malformation (CM-I) in students presenting to a college health center within a 6-month period. A review of CM-I, including epidemiology, typical presentation, evaluation, and management, is followed by a discussion of the clinical and functional implications of the disorder in an emerging adult population.     

Individual-focused approaches to the prevention of college student drinking

Alcohol consumption is prevalent among college students and can become problematic for some. Numerous randomized controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy of individual preventive interventions in reducing alcohol use and alcohol-related problems in college student populations. Consistent with earlier reviews, the balance of the evidence from studies conducted during the past 3 years strongly supports the efficacy of brief motivational interventions combined with personalized feedback interventions (PFIs) and personalized normative feedback (PNF), as well as of stand-alone PFI/PNF interventions. Recent analyses also continue to support the efficacy of alcohol expectancy challenge interventions, although the findings are less consistent. In addition, recent analyses offer mixed support for feedback-based interventions focused solely on blood alcohol concentration and for multicomponent, alcohol education-focused interventions that include elements of PFI/PNF. No evidence of efficacy was found for programs that only included alcohol education.     

The development of an evidence based assessment protocol for intimate partner violence in the U.S. Army

The importance of conducting evidence based assessment has been widely acknowledged by many professions, including social work. In this study, the U.S. Army, in partnership with University researchers, developed an evidence based assessment protocol to assist the individual social worker in conducting his/her assessment of intimate partner violence. The protocol development process involved posing answerable research questions about intimate partner violence assessment content and method and then adhering to the steps of evidence based practice to answer those questions. Key to the protocol development process was the partnership created between researchers and practitioners as part of an expert panel.     

Differences in perceptions of child sexual abuse based on perpetrator age and respondent gender

Child sexual abuse changes the lives of countless children. Child sexual abuse victims experience short and long term negative outcomes that affect their daily functioning. In this study, undergraduate students' perceptions of CSA were obtained using vignettes with an adult or child perpetrator and a general questionnaire. Results indicated participants receiving the child-on-child vignette were less likely to rate the vignette as abuse, saw the abuse as less severe, and assigned less blame to the perpetrator than participants reading the adult-on-child vignette. On a general questionnaire, male participants saw child-on-child abuse as less severe and more encouraged by society than did female participants. The information can be utilized by professionals in treatment planning and preventing revictimization at disclosure.     

Acculturative Stress Among Asian Students in Australia

When foreign students from Southeast Asia come to Australia, they encounter many problems of norm conflict and cultural misunderstanding. In some cases these stresses, together with academic failure, social isolation and the strains of living in lodgings away from the supportive family, lead to emotional disturbances. Students fall into a different category from migrants. They must make a selection from the host cultural norms and exercise restraint in identification with Australian ways because they face eventual return to their home sociocultural environment. Examples from a number of case histories have been chosen. They appear to follow a regular pattern of academic failure, inability to cope with relationships with the opposite sex, and eventual mental breakdown which required hospitalization.     

Emotion management: dabbling in mystery - white witchcraft or black art?

The emergence of the construct 'Emotional Intelligence' offers prospects for the management of that hitherto intangible asset, emotion. There is an interest in emotion to the extent that this can lead to increased productivity and manageability. Organizations require a degree of human commitment and identification which are seen to give rise to improved performance and aspects of emotional intelligence such as trust and interpersonal relations link to ideas of attachment and identification. The purpose of this paper is, initially, to suggest that managerial aspiration in this regard might fall somewhat short of employee response. First, the psychoanalytic argument is used to make the case that individual capacity for emotion management might be limited. Furthermore, individual motivation or willingness to engage with organizational goals should not be presumed. The possibility that many individuals will have goals of their own, leading to a more instrumental orientation to organizationally mandated norms for feeling displays, is largely ignored in the emotional intelligence discourse. This affords the opportunity to explore the phenomenon at a more critical level. The question of whose identities predominate over others' deserves attention. The final argument is that attempts such as these to shape the ways individuals experience, understand, judge and conduct themselves (Foucault 1986a, 1988, in Hall and du Gay 1996) fit neatly with the desire to commodify emotion, to turn emotion into something that can be manipulated and exchanged in the same way as other, more tangible, assets.     

Organizational discourse analysis (ODA): Examining leadership as a relational process

There was a time when survey research was our only viable means of studying leadership processes. That is no longer the case. In its many forms, ODA offers a fly-on-the-wall methodology for researchers to see more of how leadership unfolds in a co-created process among relational beings. We showcase a discursive perspective and ODA as a broad set of methods for adding relational views to leadership research—and moving beyond leadership as a quality or characteristic of individuals. We begin with an overview of leadership as a relational process. From there we provide a primer on a discursive perspective and ODA, followed by a review of several types of ODA with examples. We conclude with a set of key questions leadership scholars might pose with respect to this broad class of approaches.     

You Just Have to Ask Coproduction of Primary Healthcare in Ghana and Nigeria

Public Organization Review - The urgent need to improve the quality of healthcare provision in developing countries such as Nigeria and Ghana is caused in part by inadequate financial support for...