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691.
Drug treatment courts (DTCs), an alternative to traditional criminal courts, provide an innovative way to legally process some drug offenders. The origin and recent growth of the drug court system in the USA can be explained as an unintended consequence of a failing 'war on drugs'. In this article, we discuss the spread of adult DTCs throughout the USA, the main components of drug courts, controversies surrounding DTCs, and some criticisms of drug courts. We summarize the recent evaluations of adult DTCs, and highlight various DTC factors that have been found to reduce individual drug use and criminal activity. We also offer suggestions for future research on DTCs and conclude with policy recommendations. 相似文献
692.
Minorities and females are underrepresented in the top-income quintile of law school graduates. Employing a binary logistic
regression model, I examine whether this is due to a“glass ceiling” (an invisible barrier erected by third parties) or a“sticky
floor” (self-imposed limitations regarding employment). My major finding is that being female, a minority, or disabled did
not significantly reduce one's probability of making the top-income quintile once hours of work, experience, and other factors
are taken into account. My findings directly contradict the large body of glass-ceiling literature and support the sticky-floor
model.
I thank the Law School Admission Council for funding this research. Helpful comments and suggestions were received from Robert
Nelson of Northwestern University and the American Bar Foundation, Steven Conroy of the University of West Florida, and R.
Kim Craft and Douglas Bonzo of Southern Utah University. The views expressed here are solely those of the author and do not
necessarily reflect those of the institutions or persons listed above. 相似文献
693.
694.
This paper is concerned with joint tests of non-nested models and simultaneous departures from homoskedasticity, serial independence and normality of the disturbance terms. Locally equivalent alternative models are used to construct joint tests since they provide a convenient way to incorporate more than one type of departure from the classical conditions. The joint tests represent a simple asymptotic solution to the “pre-testing” problem in the context of non-nested linear regression models. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed tests have good finite sample properties. 相似文献
695.
696.
The risky business of insurance pricing 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
W. Kip Viscusi 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》1993,7(1):117-139
The factors influencing insurance pricing decisions are assessed using the ISO product liability ratemaking files for 1980–1984. The mean loss level has a strong positive effect on manual rates and premium rates/exposure. Evidence on a variety of ambiguity measures is more mixed. As a broad generalization, risk ambiguity lowers manual rates, which may reflect exclusion of large loss outliers as being unrepresentative. Risk ambiguity tends to have a positive effect on actual pricing decisions for particular policies, especially bodily injury lines and the interactive risk-ambiguity model. 相似文献
697.
Fertility and Employment 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
698.
A new sampling inspection system involving normal and tightened plans is presented. Performance measures are developed. The average sample number of the newly developed system is compared with those of existing plans. Procedures are indicated an tables are constructed for designing the system indexed by various combinations of parameters. 相似文献
699.
This study examines how two aspects of formalization of grievance procedures affect grievance procedure effectiveness: written
versus oral presentation of grievance and the level of union and management authorized to resolve grievances at the first
step. Several demographic variables were controlled for: size of bargaining unit, percentage of organization represented,
number of grievances filed, and industry. A sample of 46 firms, representing a broad cross-section of unionized companies
in the private sector, was obtained with the help of the American Arbitration Association. Results indicate that more formal
grievance procedures (e.g., written presentation) are positively related to resolution rates at the first step. The number
of grievances field and the size of the bargaining unit were positively related to total resolution rates prior to arbitration.
We thank the American Arbitration Association for making this study possible. 相似文献
700.