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261.
262.
Measuring Wellbeing in Developing Countries: The Case of Algeria 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
The International Wellbeing Index (IWI) has been developed as a complementary measure to already well-known economic measures,
and as a tool for cross-cultural comparisons. It comprises two subscales: the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and the National
Wellbeing Index (NWI). The aims of this paper are two-fold. Firstly, to test the psychometric characteristics of the IWI.
Secondly, to study how people of Algeria, a third world country that is yet suffering from a harsch economical and social
situation, respond to questions dealing with their own lives and life in their country in general, compared to samples from
more developed countries where wellbeing was previously measured. The IWI items were presented to individuals either in a
questionnaire form to be self-rated or in interview sessions. The total of 1417 answers were analysed. As was expected, a
very low satisfaction on both scales was found, compared to the results that were reported in countries, such as Australia
or Hong Kong. Comparisons on the demographic characteristics basis show that women are significantly more satisfied than men
with their personal lives, though no differences were found with regard to NWI. Eldest and youngest age groups rated the PWI
significantly higher than other age groups. Education groups comparisons showed higher ratings on both subscales in favour
of groups with no education and those with university levels. Marginal statistically significant differences were found with
regard to the PWI in favour of the higher earning group, but no differences in the NWI. No statistically significant results
were found as far as marital status, number of children, and income are concerned. The results add to the evidence of the
usefulness of the scale to predict satisfaction of people with their own lives and life in their country. Its psychometric
performance was proved to be very high in terms of validity, reliability and sensitivity. The results were interpreted on
the light of the Homeostasis Theory and the particular situation of the Algerian society. 相似文献
263.
Steffens MC 《Journal of homosexuality》2005,49(2):39-66
Attitudes towards lesbians and gay men, as assessed with questionnaires, have become more and more positive in the last decades. An open question is, however, whether that trend reflects true change or rather a growing reluctance to admit negative attitudes (to others and self). New procedures measuring implicit attitudes may help find an answer. In three studies with 208 students at a German university, attitudes towards lesbians and gay men were measured with explicit scales and with an Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) adapted for that purpose. Explicit attitudes were very positive. However, implicit attitudes were relatively negative instead, except for female participants' implicit attitudes towards lesbians which were repeatedly as positive as were their attitudes towards heterosexuals. The internal consistencies of the implicit tests were exemplary. Correlations with sexual orientation as well as with explicit homosexuality-related and gender-related attitudes attested to their validity. However, context effects were found for different implicit attitudes measured in close succession, and correlations of implicit homosexuality-related and gender-related attitudes could not be detected. 相似文献
264.
Using data from both partners in female same-sex couples, individual and dyadic (individual/actor-partner) level analyses were conducted to determine the associations between couple members' global mental health, internalized homophobia, and perceptions of relationship qualities and satisfaction (N = 90). Findings at the dyadic level indicated that an individual's global mental health was uniquely associated with her partner's assessment of relationship satisfaction and qualities, beyond the effects of the individual's own mental health and internalized homophobia. Implications for further research on the strengths and challenges within female same-sex couple relationships are discussed. 相似文献
265.
Anna Saint-Martin Mawuena Badasu Holly Recchia Cecilia Wainryb Melanie Dirks 《Social Development》2023,32(1):135-151
This study investigated mothers’ and children's constructions of meaning about responsibility for harm in conversations about two experiences when children were hurt by a peer and felt they had either contributed or not contributed to the situation. The sample included 105 Canadian mothers (75% White) and their children (53 girls, 52 boys) across three age groups (M ages = 6.92, 11.14, 15.89 years). Overall, mothers and children emphasized different aspects of responsibility; mothers made more evaluations of acts and discussed the avoidability of harm whereas children referred more to hurtful acts, consequences, reasons, and subsequent responses. Discussions of the child's and peer's responsibility were responsive to the child's perspective on events. The child's responsibility for self-protection was particularly emphasized by mothers and when the child felt they had not contributed to the situation. Children more often mitigated their responsibility as compared to their mothers, and older children referred more to their own and their peer's responsibility for harm. Findings illuminate how conversations with mothers may inform children's judgments of their own and others’ roles in peer conflict. 相似文献
266.
Although researchers have broadly addressed how race, party identification, political ideology, and binary gender categories influence climate change opinions, little attention has been paid to the relationship between sexuality and gender variance (LGBTQ+ identity broadly) and climate change perceptions. Using a quota-based survey from 2022 that approximates the US population on key demographic characteristics and oversamples LGBTQ+ individuals, we assess the degree to which LGBTQ+ individuals' climate change beliefs and risk perceptions are comparable to cisgender, heterosexual (cishet) individuals, specifically examining climate change beliefs, the perceived threat climate change poses, and worry about climate change. We argue that LGBTQ+ individuals' views are likely to be distinct from their cisgender heterosexual (cishet) counterparts for three reasons: climate change is likely to exacerbate existing structural inequalities, create disaster responses that reinforce heteronormative and discriminatory patterns, and activate LGBTQ+ political culture. We find evidence that LGBTQ+ individuals express higher agreement with climate change beliefs, identify climate change as a greater threat, and worry more about climate change when compared to their cishet counterparts. 相似文献