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121.
How important is your personality? Labor market returns to personality for women in the US and UK 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Why do apparently similar people have varied success in the labor market? While cognitive performance and educational attainment have been shown to be strong indicators of economic success, there remains a large portion of unexplained variance in earnings after controlling for the standard variables. This paper uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women and women from the National Child Development Study to explore the value of incorporating psychological traits into wage determination models. This research finds that traits such as locus of control, aggression, and withdrawal are all statistically significant factors in the wage determination models of white women. 相似文献
122.
Scharoun-Lee M Gordon-Larsen P Adair LS Popkin BM Kaufman JS Suchindran CM 《Demography》2011,48(2):625-651
Investigations of socioeconomic status (SES) and health during the transition to adulthood in the United States are complicated
by the later and more varied transitions in residence, employment, schooling, and social roles compared with previous generations.
Parental SES is an important influence during adolescence but cannot sufficiently capture the SES of the independent young
adult. Typical, single SES indicators based on income or education likely misclassify the SES of young adults who have not
yet completed their education or other training, or who have entered the labor force early with ultimately lower status attainment.
We use a latent class analysis (LCA) framework to characterize five intergenerational SES groups, combining multidimensional
SES information from two time points—that is, adolescent (parental) and young adult (self) SES data. Associations of these
groups with obesity, a high-risk health outcome in young adults, revealed nuanced relationships not seen using traditional
intergenerational SES measures. In males, for example, a middle-class upbringing in adolescence and continued material advantage
into adulthood was associated with nearly as high obesity as a working poor upbringing and early, detrimental transitions.
This intergenerational typology of early SES exposure facilitates understanding of SES and health during young adulthood. 相似文献
123.
Accurate vital statistics are required to understand the evolution of racial disparities in infant health and the causes of rapid secular decline in infant mortality during the early twentieth century. Unfortunately, U.S. infant mortality rates prior to 1950 suffer from an upward bias stemming from a severe underregistration of births. At one extreme, African American births in southern states went unregistered at the rate of 15 % to 25 %. In this study, we construct improved estimates of births and infant mortality in the United States for 1915–1940 using recently released complete count decennial census microdata combined with the counts of infant deaths from published sources. We check the veracity of our estimates with a major birth registration study completed in conjunction with the 1940 decennial census and find that the largest adjustments occur in states with less-complete birth registration systems. An additional advantage of our census-based estimation method is the extension backward of the birth and infant mortality series for years prior to published estimates of registered births, enabling previously impossible comparisons and estimations. Finally, we show that underregistration can bias effect estimates even in a panel setting with specifications that include location fixed effects and place-specific linear time trends. 相似文献
124.
125.
In Australia, adoptions from care are infrequent and mostly conducted in New South Wales (NSW) despite being legislated in other states. This qualitative study explored the experiences of the adoption process and post-adoption contact of eight foster parents adopting children in their care through the public welfare agency in NSW. The interviews were analyzed following a structured approach, by means of thematic networks. The study revealed that adoption processes and maintenance of birth family relationships depend on a number of factors (e.g., the behavior of the professionals, adoptive and birth parents, children's reactions, policy and practice contexts). However, the adoptive parents' experience of the adoption process was largely determined by the system, and in most cases this appeared to subsequently influence post-adoption connection in the families. The findings and the adoptive parents' recommendations are likely to apply beyond specific geographical jurisdictions. In addition, the reported complexities regarding connections through open adoptions at times resemble those tensions faced by children living in other family types such as those referred to in the foster care literature. Further research on some of these commonalities may expand in some countries the debate regarding adoption as an inherently contestable practice. 相似文献
126.
Rachel Young Melissa Tully Kajsa E. Dalrymple 《Information, Communication & Society》2018,21(4):499-515
Although Twitter chats and other forms of social media engagement events are idealized in the literature as opportunities for dialogic communication between organizations and individuals, less is known about how engagement is operationalized within these spaces. Using textual and content analysis, we conducted two studies to explore how health organizations engage with the public via Twitter chats during the Ebola and Zika outbreaks. In official records of Ebola chats, the organization addressed both hostile and neutral public questions that pressed for specification of disease characteristics and protocol. However, in a content analysis of all public tweets sent during a later Zika chat, we found that questions were privileged, and other tweet forms and themes were excluded from the participatory space. Specifically, public comments demonstrating expertise or extending the topic of the chat were not addressed by the organization. Our analysis provides insight into the implicit rules governing how organizations engage with the public online during a rapidly evolving health crisis. We argue that the question–response dyad is a form of ideal communication that suggests engagement but maintains organizational expertise. 相似文献
127.
Ram A. Cnaan H. Daniel Heist Melissa Heinlein Storti 《Nonprofit management & leadership》2017,28(1):85-104
In preparation for Pope Francis's visit to Philadelphia and the 2015 World Meeting of Families, organizers looked for thousands of volunteers to help carry out these events. This is common for many one‐time and episodic events, such as large sporting events (from marathons to Special Olympics), arts and cultural events (such as festivals and concerts), and fundraising events. After the pope's visit, volunteers were asked to respond to a questionnaire about their experiences and the volunteer management of the event; 2,408 responded (34.4 percent). Data on motivation, who volunteered, recruitment, training, assignment, supervision, communication, satisfaction, and suggestions for improvement were elicited. We focused on episodic volunteering at a religious event and on a broad spectrum of issues pertaining to management of episodic volunteers. Our findings add to the knowledge regarding volunteer management and also add to conceptual understanding of the distinction between ongoing and episodic volunteers. 相似文献
128.
Kristopher M. Goodrich Laura B. Farmer Joshua C. Watson R. J. Davis Melissa Luke Franco Dispenza 《Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling》2017,11(4):203-211
ABSTRACTA Joint Task Force comprised of members of the Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling (ALGBTIC) and the Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC) present standards of care for assessment of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Gender Expansive, and Queer/Questioning (LGBTGEQ+) Persons. 相似文献
129.
Jennifer A. Smith Rafe Mccullough Claire Critchlow Melissa Luke 《Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling》2017,11(4):271-284
ABSTRACTA framework for approaching lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer+ (LGBTQ+) youth is presented that honors their voice. This methodology utilizes participant-driven photo elicitation as a qualitative data collection method, and then integrates thematic analysis. A brief review of current literature is provided to outline gaps, which establish the need to expand effective research methods with LGBTQ+ youth. Photo elicitation is explained with discussion specific to use with LGBTQ+ youth. Thematic analysis is identified and explained as an analytic approach. Challenges of implementing this methodology are discussed with attention to ethical concerns. 相似文献
130.
Julie L. Hotchkiss Robert E. Moore Fernando Rios-Avila Melissa R. Trussell 《Review of Economics of the Household》2017,15(3):707-737
The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of economic changes in the 1990s and 2000s on the welfare of married households, taking into account the relative earnings structure of husband and wife. Modeling the household members’ joint labor supply, we find that families in which the wife is the higher wage earner experienced as much welfare gain in the 1990s and significantly higher welfare gains in the 2000s as families in which the husband is the higher wage earner. 相似文献