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51.
The Arrow-Pratt (A-P) definitions of absolute and relative risk aversion dominate the discussion of risk aversion and defining “more risk averse”. Ross (Econometrica 49:621–663, 1981) notes, however, that being A-P more risk averse is not sufficient for addressing many important comparative static questions. Consequently he introduces “a new and stronger measure for comparing two agents’ attitudes towards risk…”. Ross does not provide a corresponding measure of risk aversion. This paper uses a normalized measure of concavity to characterize the Ross definition of strongly more risk averse on bounded intervals. Other properties and uses of these normalized measures of concavity are also presented. 相似文献
52.
As more and more mothers of young children enter the work force, interest in government financing of child care grows. The chief government subsidy for child care is the child care credit in the federal Internal Revenue Code. This is a nonrefundable credit and therefore provides benefits only to those with incomes high enough to require them to pay income tax. Yet of the $ 5.5 billion spent by the federal government on child care in 1986, this program accounted for $ 3.5 billion.This paper simulates the effects of expanding the child care tax credit by (1) doubling the reimbursement rates of the current credit; (2) making the credit refundable; and (3) both making the credit refundable and increasing its value for all families with income below $ 32,000.Results suggest that these changes will have modest effects on the income and earnings of mothers, and on the poverty gap and welfare recipiency. Costs, however, differ substantially. Doubling the value of the credit is far more expensive than either making the credit refundable or making it both refundable and more generous at the bottom of the income distribution. Making the credit refundable may cost taxpayers very little by leading to increases in hours worked and concomitant reductions in welfare payments. 相似文献
53.
Lisa B. Meyer 《Social indicators research》2006,75(1):83-121
This paper examines the effects of trade liberalization and the risks associated with participation in the global trading
system on women’s integration into national labor markets. Using data from 1970 to 1995, I identify two global determinants
of the female share of national labor markets: trade openness and transnational corporate penetration. Several local predictors
of women’s labor force participation are also identified. While a cross-sectional analysis indicates that women have been
pulled into national labor markets as a result of neo-liberal economic reforms, more dynamic models show that these same forces
can also lead to a preference for male, rather than female labor. Moreover, the analyses specify that the effects of trade
openness and trade risk on female labor force participation are determined by position in the world-system and region. These
results illustrate that arguments about the relationship between globalization and the feminization of the labor force, are
too simplistic and neglect to account for the diverse consequences of global economic expansion on gender relations. 相似文献
54.
Hayer T Meyer G 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):685-700
As the international gambling market continues to expand, determining effective approaches to prevent gambling-related problems
becomes increasingly important. Despite a lack of in-depth research into its benefits, self-exclusion is one such measure
already in use around the world in various sectors of the gambling industry. The present study is the first of its kind to
examine the effectiveness of self-exclusion schemes in the casino sector in selected European countries. A written survey
yielded a sample of N = 152 (self)-excluded gamblers. In addition to this cross-section analysis, a small sub-group (n = 31) was monitored over time by means of follow-up surveys carried out 1, 6, and 12 month(s) after the exclusion agreement
came into force. The results reveal that the self-excluded individuals are typically under a great deal of strain and show
a relatively pronounced willingness to change. However, this largely reaches its peak at the time the decision to self-exclude
is made. From a longitudinal perspective, various parameters indicate a clear improvement in psychosocial functioning; a favorable
effect that also starts directly after the exclusion agreement was signed. Finally, considering theoretical and empirical
findings, possibilities for optimizing (self-)exclusion schemes will be discussed. 相似文献
55.
Corporate Trainers experience many organizational challenges that require new skills. This qualitative study sought to determine the challenges faced by South African Education Training and Development university students employed as trainers in corporate roles. Findings suggest that trainers require contextual and generic soft skills to meet the requirements of their jobs and that the term trainer embraces a variety of roles of different focus and different status. While there appear to be a common set of problems facing trainers irrespective of location, the interventionist skills and employment policies of the South African government have an important influence on activity in the organization. 相似文献
56.
Mark Canavera Bree Akesson Debbie Landis Miranda Armstrong Elizabeth Meyer 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2020,29(1):83-95
This article presents the results of a systematic mapping of social work training programs in countries throughout West Africa, a region historically under‐represented in global discussions of the social welfare workforce. The research illuminates how social workers and related professionals are trained to engage in social work practice in a number of West African countries. The research was conducted in two phases. In the initial phase, the research team collected documents from 12 West African countries and conducted phone interviews with relevant individuals. The second phase included field research in five West African countries ? Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal ? where the research team conducted semi‐structured interviews and group discussions with 253 individuals. Framed by indigenization theory, this study describes social service training institutes in West Africa and highlights the varying degrees to which programs have been adapted to indigenous and endogenous realities in the postcolonial era. 相似文献
57.
David R. Meyer 《Sociological Forum》1988,3(3):433-453
A sociological framework for relating the division of labor to the market areas of manufacturing firms is reformulated. The growth of exchange and the dynamics of differentiation and integration are discussed as key processes that explain changes in these market areas from local to regional to multiregional to national and also the rise of industrial regions. A case study of nineteenth-century plow manufacturing in the United States illustrates the utility of the proposed framework. 相似文献
58.
Ingeborg Stiefel Jane Carpenter Priscilla Liu Shaune Meyer Margaret Hamilton 《Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy》2004,25(2):116-117
Perhaps we should take a deep breath! We have successfully gained approval from three Area Health regions for a multi‐centre study, which assesses the effectiveness of a group program for parents of children with challenging behaviour. Each Ethics Committee had to have its say, and change a few things, but we were able to jump their hurdles without (we thought) over‐complicating a relatively no‐frills project. We were also extremely lucky that the project had received funding from the Centre for Mental Health. Without funding, it would have been difficult to afford essential research goodies, such as questionnaires at $2.50 per form, or even paper, adding up to several thousand dollars. 相似文献
59.
Dr. Gerhard Meyer Ph.D. Thomas Fabian Dipl. Psych. 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1992,8(1):61-77
In a comprehensive research project on gamblers in self-help groups in West Germany one object of investigation was the question of whether or not pathological gambling has a criminogenic effect. 54.5% of the 437 members of Gamblers Anonymous interviewed stated that they had committed illegal actions in order to obtain money for gambling. Comparisons of this sub-group with those interviewees who did not admit having committed criminal offences show distinct differences: Those who admitted illegal action were more excessive in their gambling behavior and experienced a higher degree of subjective satisfaction through gambling. They also showed a more pronounced problem behavior and more psychosocial problems because of gambling. A multiple regression within the framework of path analysis was computed in order to explore causal links between pathological gambling and delinquency. The results support the hypothesis that pathological gambling can lead to delinquent behavior. Forensic implications are discussed.This article is a revised version of a paper presented at the Eighth International Conference on Risk and Gambling in London, U.K., August 15–17, 1990.The content and presentation of this article has benefited from the comments of Agnes Roemer, Department of Psychology, University of Bremen. 相似文献
60.
Garry S. Meyer 《Population studies》2013,67(2):355-366
Techniques for the construction of alternative extrema from a given transition matrix, such as an intergenerational occupational mobility matrix, are displayed. Linear programming is used to construct alternative ‘maximum’ mobility regimes by altering constraints. Within certain constraints the solution for the maximum mobility matrix is not unique, since there exist a very large number of equally valid solutions. An algorithmic procedure is presented which produces a unique solution and gives results equivalent to a specific case of the linear programming method. 相似文献