Co-morbidity Between Gambling Problems and Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Perspective of Risk and Protective Factors

In both adolescents and adults, gambling problems and depressive symptoms co-occur and share some common risk factors (e.g., impulsivity and socio-family risk). However, little is known about (1) the developmental course of the co-morbidity of these problems; (2) variables that may moderate the effect of these common risk factors on gambling problems and depressive symptoms. Of specific interest could be individuals’ social relationships with significant others such as parents and friends, because research shows that they moderate the effect of other risk factors on gambling problems and depressive symptoms. The goals of this study were to: (a) identify developmental pathways for gambling problems and depressive symptoms, with a focus on co-morbidity; (b) assess the moderating effect of relationship quality with parents and friends on the link between common risk factors and the trajectories of gambling problems and depressive symptoms. Study participants were 878 males. Predictors were assessed during childhood and adolescence and gambling problems and depressive symptoms were assessed in late adolescence and young adulthood. Latent class analysis revealed four distinct joint trajectories of gambling problems and depressive symptoms. Subsequent logistic regression revealed that impulsivity predicted membership in all pathogenic trajectories, and quality of the relationship with parents predicted membership in depressogenic trajectories. In addition, we found that the membership in the comorbid trajectory can be predicted by an interaction between friendship quality and socio-family risk.     

Participation and Self‐Entrapment A 12‐Year Ethnography of Wall Street Participation Practices' Diffusion and Evolving Consequences

A 12‐year ethnography illustrates how two investment banks' participative work practices entrapped bankers in indiscriminate overwork, and what the evolving consequences were for the banks and the organizations that the bankers joined subsequently. The banks' participative work practices eliminated all visible organizational controls. Invested in the task, the bankers collectively designed work practices that benefited the banks, but had the unintended consequences of intensifying work pace and habituating bankers to indiscriminate overwork that they experienced as self‐chosen. Prior organizational behavioral research predicts outcomes only for about one year. During this time, the banks benefited from the bankers' hard work. Starting in year four, the practices' extremes produced opposite effects, namely declining performance because of body breakdowns, and cultural distance, because depleted bodies made it impossible for bankers to work in culturally normative ways. The bankers carried this pattern of overwork and subsequent breakdowns into the organizations that they joined subsequently, where they introduced the banks' practices.     

The roller-coaster of experiences: becoming the parent of a deaf child

When early testing indicates a hearing loss, parents find themselves on a roller-coaster of experiences leaving little time or space for reflection. This study is based on interviews with families in the Flemish region of Belgium, one of the earliest in the world to introduce universal neonatal screening for hearing loss. Starting from a phenomenological approach, we explore parents’ accounts of their experiences in order to uncover the meanings of early parenting of a child identified with a label. Soon after birth, these parents encounter a different world in which intertwined discourses construct parenthood with a deaf child. During the process of becoming a parent, representations of deafness as impairment were omnipresent. In contrast to a medical and technological perspective that insists on the need to intervene as fast as possible, it is argued that the private and social implications of rapid intervention require explicit consideration.     

Parent-worker relationships in child welfare social work: a Belgian case study

The involvement of parents within child and family social work has become an important research topic during the past few decades. Within this research, a lot of attention is paid to partnership, which is recognised as a dominant concept in current thinking about the parent–worker relationship in present-day practice. The debate on parent–worker relationships, however, seems to be mainly focussed on the individual relationship between the parent and the social worker. Based on a historical analysis of policy documents on a Belgian child and family welfare service, this article offers a historical and sociopolitical contextualisation of the current debate on the parent–worker relationship. The analysis reveals that sociopolitical ideas about the responsibilities of the state, the community and the private family have induced a continuous reflection on which children and parents should be seen as the most appropriate clients for a particular service, as well as an ongoing development of diagnostic instruments to legitimise inclusion and exclusion of families within child and family social work. Consequences for parent–worker relationships in child and family social work are discussed, as well as some implications for future research on child and family social work practices.     

AN ANALYSIS OF SHAREHOLDER AGREEMENTS

Shareholder agreements govern the relations among shareholders in privately held firms, such as joint ventures and venture capital‐backed companies. We provide an economic explanation for key clauses in such agreements—namely, put and call options, tag‐along and drag‐along rights, demand and piggy‐back rights, and catch‐up clauses. In a dynamic moral hazard setting, we show that these clauses can ensure that the contract parties make efficient ex ante investments in the firm. They do so by constraining renegotiation. In the absence of the clauses, ex ante investment would be distorted by unconstrained renegotiation aimed at (i) precluding value‐destroying ex post transfers, (ii) inducing value‐increasing ex post investments, or (iii) precluding hold‐out on value‐increasing sales to a trade buyer or the IPO market. (JEL: G34)     

Upper Bounds for the SPOT 5 Daily Photograph Scheduling Problem

This paper introduces tight upper bounds for the daily photograph scheduling problem of earth observation satellites. These bounds, which were unavailable until now, allow us to assess the quality of the heuristic solutions obtained previously. These bounds are obtained with a partition-based approach following the divide and pas conquer principle. Dynamic programming and tabu search are conjointly used in this approach. We present also simplex-based linear programming relaxation and a relaxed knapsack approach for the problem.     

“生态哲学”:野性的力量

现代性由一些理性的概念酝酿形成.这些概念被法兰克福学派的哲学家们称之为“工具理性”,它们给功利主义以特殊待遇,将所有人的参数,如喜悦、游戏、梦想等,也就是通常意义上的“好的状况”束之高阁.这导致了世界的“荒芜”,完成了对生态的掠夺.一种极性的反向变化正在人们的思想中进行.这是被社会学家们(例如索罗金)称之为文化“饱和”的现象.这也引起了理性的另一种应用:“感性理智”.也就是说,迫使我们承认“人类动物”有着一部分动物性的东西:本能、激情、感情等等.由此,人们能够到达一种“生态哲学”;也就是说,智慧与“部屋(希腊语为“oikos”)”相关联.这就是被埃德加·莫兰称作应当重新予以重视的“土地一母亲”.也就是我所讲的“积极寻根”.     

Mariage et mobilité sociale en France

La formation des couples est un moment crucial de la reproduction sociale. Pour établir le bilan des transactions sur le marché matrimonial, trois méthodes ont été utilisées : la comparaison des positions sociales des conjoints, la comparaison des caractéristiques sociales de leurs parents, la comparaison des trajectoires sociales des conjoints. La formation d'un couple correspond le plus souvent à la conjonction de deux trajectoires parallèles, ce qui a pour effet de conforter les positions acquises ou d'accompagner les évolutions engagées. Dans d'autres cas, plus rares, le mariage peut accélérer sensiblement la transition à un nouveau statut, ou au contraire freiner voire inverser le déclin d'une trajectoire sociale.Marriage is a crucial stage in social reproduction. To establish the outcome of transactions in the marriage market, three methods have been used: comparison of the social positions of the marriage partners; comparison of the social characteristics of their parents; and comparison of the social careers of the partners. Usually a marriage represents the conjunction of two parallel social careers, the effect of which is to consolidate the positions acquired or to support the evolutions in progress. In more rare cases, the marriage can either appreciably accelerate the transition to a new status, or slow down and even reverse the decline of a social career.

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Cet article est la version révisée et enrichie d'une communication présentée au III^e séminaire franco-soviétique de démographie, à Bordeaux (10–14 octobre 1988).