比较法视野下西方国家检察机关提起公诉证明标准考察——以完善我国检察机关提起公诉证明标准为视角

在考察西方国家提起公诉证明标准的基础上分析其特征及其发展规律,详细阐述我国提起公诉证明标准的现状,对完善庭前审查程序的设想,对于实体法事实和程序法事实适用差别性的证明标准都有详尽的论述。将＂被告人被判决有罪的较大可能性＂作为实体法事实的一般证明标准,将＂可以推定事实存在＂作为程序法事实的一般证明标准。     

The Boric Acid Powder Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Abstract

This double blind comparison of fourteen daily intravaginal gelatin capsules containing 600 mg of boric acid powder versus identical capsules containing 100,000 units of nystatin diluted to volume with cornstarch found vulvovaginal candidiasis albicans cure rates for boric acid to be 92% seven to ten days after treatment and 72% at thirty days, whereas the nystatin cure rates were 64% at seven to ten days and 53% at thirty days. Speed of alleviation of signs and sumptoms was similar with both drugs. There were no untoward side effects, and cervical cytology was not affected. In vitro studies found boric acid to be fungistatic and its effectiveness to be unrelated to pH. Blood boron analyses indicated little absorption from the vagina and a half life of less than 12 hours. A 30% follow-up of 2,030 nonstudy patients revealed wet mount and symptom cure rates of 93% within two weeks and 88% within four weeks. Patient acceptance was better than with “messy” vaginal creams, and self-made boric acid powder capsules are inexpensive, 31¢ for fourteen, compared with costly, commonly prescribed medication.     

“生态哲学”:野性的力量

现代性由一些理性的概念酝酿形成.这些概念被法兰克福学派的哲学家们称之为“工具理性”,它们给功利主义以特殊待遇,将所有人的参数,如喜悦、游戏、梦想等,也就是通常意义上的“好的状况”束之高阁.这导致了世界的“荒芜”,完成了对生态的掠夺.一种极性的反向变化正在人们的思想中进行.这是被社会学家们(例如索罗金)称之为文化“饱和”的现象.这也引起了理性的另一种应用:“感性理智”.也就是说,迫使我们承认“人类动物”有着一部分动物性的东西:本能、激情、感情等等.由此,人们能够到达一种“生态哲学”;也就是说,智慧与“部屋(希腊语为“oikos”)”相关联.这就是被埃德加·莫兰称作应当重新予以重视的“土地一母亲”.也就是我所讲的“积极寻根”.     

中国农业综合资源配置效率

通过分解农业综合成本效率,建立了测度农业综合资源配置效率的方法;运用数据包络分析法（DEA）,对1991--2010年中国农业综合资源配置效率整体变化及地区差异进行了实证分析。得出以下结论：中国农业综合资源配置效率年均值为0．61,综合资源配置效率在波动中趋于下降,但降幅不明显;区域一体化程度和非农就业机会是中国农业综合资源配置效率的主要影响因素;中国农业资源配置基本能发挥省际间的比较优势,而难以发挥省内产业间的比较优势;中国农业综合资源配置效率存在明显的地区差异,但地区差异发散趋势不显著;不同地区农业综合资源配置效率的动力来源不同。     

“幽灵抗辩”与我国刑事证明责任分配制度之完善——以台湾地区相关案例为视角

在我国现行刑事法律中,刑事证明责任由控诉方承担,通常情况下被告人不负证明责任,该规定以保护被告人的权利为目的,符合无罪推定原则.“幽灵抗辩”的出现使仅由控诉方承担证明责任的方式成为不可能.我国刑事证明责任制度应借鉴英美证据法的“积极抗辩”理论,修正原来过于僵化的证明责任规则,实行证明责任转移并适度降低被告人的证明标准.     

Communicative Openness in Adoption,Knowledge of Culture of Origin,and Adoption Identity in Adolescents Adopted From Romania

Eighty adolescents (39 male, mean age = 15.74 years) adopted from Romanian institutions in early childhood rated their own and their adoptive parents’ communicative openness, their knowledge of Romanian culture, and positive and negative feelings concerning birth parents, being placed for adoption, and being adopted. Adolescents were moderately comfortable talking about their adoptions but perceived their parents to be very comfortable. Nearly 40% reported no familiarity with Romanian culture. Youth with more familiarity with Romanian culture were more communicatively open and had more positive adoption identities. Greater communicative openness was also associated with more positive adoption identities. Gender and age at adoption differences are reported.     

Assembling life history narratives from quantitative longitudinal panel data: What’s the story for families using social work?

Abstract

Embedded within quantitative longitudinal panel or cohort studies is narrative potential that is arguably untapped but might enrich our understanding of individual and social lives across time. This paper discusses a methodology to assemble the life history narratives of families using social work by drawing on quantitative data from the British Household Panel Survey. It explores whether this person-centred approach helps us to understand the counter-intuitive results of a parallel multivariate analyses, which suggest that families using social work fare worse than similar others over time. Our findings are tentative, due to the experimental use of this narrative method and the limits of social work information in the data-set. Nonetheless, the life histories presented bring to light complexities, diversity and the non-linear pathways between families’ needs, support and outcomes that the aggregates obscure. We conclude that reconstructing families’ lives in this way, especially in the absence of complementary longitudinal qualitative data, affords the wider opportunity to interrogate and better understand the findings of quantitative longitudinal studies.     

Exploring rigour in autoethnographic research

Abstract

The changing face of qualitative research has opened up discourses on the validity and rigour of research processes and products. A current debate is whether the criteria traditionally used to judge the rigour of quantitative research are appropriate to assess the academic integrity of qualitative research including autoethnography. The purpose of this article is to appraise views on the academic rigour, validity and scientific accountability of research in general and autoethnographic research in particular. The researcher reports on issues of rigour in conducting autoethnographic research from her own experience and that of published autoethnographic researchers. The issue of relevant appraisal criteria against which the research integrity and rigour of autoethnographic studies can be assessed is investigated. It is concluded that the academic rigour of autoethnographic studies should be established to enhance its credibility and value and that the criteria used need to be judiciously determined and applied.