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261.
Assessing the efficiency of public education and pensions 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Theory says that, in an overlapping-generations context, intergenerational transfer agreements are efficient if they induce
equality between certain implicit rates of return. We apply this theory to the case of public education and pensions, where
public education is interpreted as a loan from middle age to young, and pensions are the repayment of this loan, plus interest,
from middle age to old. We use micro- and macrodata from Spain to estimate how far actual arrangements are from the normative
goal. When demographic stationarity is assumed, efficiency appears reachable. When demographic change is accounted for, efficiency
is far from being achieved. Nevertheless, and contrary to earlier predictions in the generational accounting literature, our
findings suggest that future generations may not necessarily be worse off than current ones.
相似文献
262.
Sonia Petrone Michele Guindani Alan E. Gelfand 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2009,71(4):755-782
Summary. In functional data analysis, curves or surfaces are observed, up to measurement error, at a finite set of locations, for, say, a sample of n individuals. Often, the curves are homogeneous, except perhaps for individual-specific regions that provide heterogeneous behaviour (e.g. 'damaged' areas of irregular shape on an otherwise smooth surface). Motivated by applications with functional data of this nature, we propose a Bayesian mixture model, with the aim of dimension reduction, by representing the sample of n curves through a smaller set of canonical curves. We propose a novel prior on the space of probability measures for a random curve which extends the popular Dirichlet priors by allowing local clustering: non-homogeneous portions of a curve can be allocated to different clusters and the n individual curves can be represented as recombinations (hybrids) of a few canonical curves. More precisely, the prior proposed envisions a conceptual hidden factor with k -levels that acts locally on each curve. We discuss several models incorporating this prior and illustrate its performance with simulated and real data sets. We examine theoretical properties of the proposed finite hybrid Dirichlet mixtures, specifically, their behaviour as the number of the mixture components goes to ∞ and their connection with Dirichlet process mixtures. 相似文献
263.
Fugiel Gartner Michele 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2019,30(4):895-896
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - 相似文献
264.
Melanie Spallek Michele Haynes Janeen Baxter Nicole Kapelle 《International Journal of Social Research Methodology》2020,23(5):467-481
ABSTRACT In recent years, the Australian government has encouraged open access to administrative data, providing new opportunities for examining life course pathways and evaluating social policies. This paper demonstrates the importance of establishing partnerships in the use of administrative data for social research. In collaboration with the data custodian, we used administrative welfare data to investigate a policy-relevant topic: the association between income support receipt and relationship separation. Our results provided greater statistical power for detecting associations for minority groups than is possible with panel survey data, highlighting the benefits of administrative data for understanding the outcomes of population groups that are not well represented in surveys. The collaboration between university researchers and data custodians was critical to enable appropriate sharing of data for research and for accurate interpretation of the data and outcomes for relevance to policy. 相似文献
265.
266.
Various different definitions of multivariate process capability indices have been proposed in the literature. Most of the
research works related to multivariate process capability indices assume no gauge measurement errors. However, in industrial
applications, despite the use of highly advanced measuring instruments, account needs to be taken of gauge imprecision. In
this paper we are going to examine the effects of measurement errors on multivariate process capability indices computed using
the principal components analysis. We show that measurement errors alter the results of a multivariate process capability
analysis, resulting in either a decrease or an increase in the capability of the process. In order to achieve accurate process
capability assessments, we propose a method useful for overcoming the effects of gauge measurement errors. 相似文献
267.
The social model of disability acknowledges the impact of impairments but argues that disablement is socially constructed. Taking a theoretical perspective, underpinned by the social model of disability and elements of social identity theory, we investigated the relationship between impairment, disablement and identity change in adults living with an acquired neurological impairment. Through the thematic analysis, three themes emerged: changing self described the personal factors for identity change in people acquiring impairment; changing communities explored the contextual factors creating both socially constructed disablement and identity change; and influencing identity change considered strategies adopted by individuals to both counter socially constructed disablement and promote exploration of identity. A systemic change towards acknowledgement and valuing a disabled identity may counter socially constructed disablement and support enablement and social inclusivity. 相似文献
268.
This paper presents information on re-developing an outcome evaluation for a state-funded program providing service coordination utilizing wraparound to youth with severe emotional disturbance (SED) and their families. Originally funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Kentucky IMPACT program has existed statewide since 1990. Changing data needs and limitations of the original evaluation required revamping the program's data collection system. The new evaluation uses the extant knowledge base to improve: (1) design, (2) measures, and (3) utility. A pre-post design with multiple follow-ups provides the framework for data collection. An ecological framework provides a conceptual structure for selecting measures focusing on both the service recipients and their environment. Data collection via a personal digital assistant (PDA) ensures utility of the data for both consumers and researchers. Issues ranging from conceptualization to implementation of the project as well as lessons learned are discussed. 相似文献
269.
Michele Moore 《Disability & Society》2019,34(7-8):1025-1027
270.