联合国在国际社会中的作用

联合国自创立伊始就成为国际关系中的一项核心制度.从联合国对使用武力的限制、维和和监督行动的迅速扩展、围绕安理会改革的争议及其对国际标准和准则的倡导等四个方面来看,联合国发挥了不可替代的作用,而且仍将在国际社会的转型过程中发挥重要作用.     

Who is the victim anyway? The effects of bystander victim impact statements on mock juror sentencing decisions

Victim impact evidence was varied in a brief trial scenario given to 120 participants eligible for jury service. The scenario concerned the murder trial of a disgruntled employee accused of bombing his former workplace. Participants read either no victim impact evidence or one of three victim impact statements. For the victim impact statements, we varied the identity of the witness. The victim impact statement was given by either the wife of the victim, a coworker of the victim, or a firefighter called to the crime scene. Results revealed that only the victim impact evidence given by the coworker lead to harsher sentencing judgments. However, participants rated the suffering of the victim's wife as most severe, indicating that perceptions of suffering may not predict sentencing judgments in a straightforward manner. Implications for these findings for legal decisions such as Payne v. Tennessee (1991) are discussed.