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451.
This article assesses the effects of children on parents' involvement in caregiving. On the basis of interviews with 273 respondents, we address the effects of having children on care given to kin and nonkin; assess the effects of children's characteristics, especially age and gender, on the help mothers and fathers provide; and examine how these vary with mothers' employment. Overall, we find that the presence of children connects parents into networks of care more than it constrains them. The effects vary depending on the characteristics of the child (including age and gender) as well as characteristics of the parent (like gender and employment). 相似文献
452.
K. Brandon Lang Megumi Omori 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):171-183
Using data from the 2004 and 2005 Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CES) comprising of 15,000 respondents, this study examines
two research questions. The first of these considers the demographic differences between households whose members lose money
playing the lottery and/or engaging in pari-mutuel betting and those whose members do not lose money participating in such
activities. The second assesses demographic differences among households whose members lose money playing the lottery and/or
engaging in pari-mutuel betting. It was found that respondents living in money-losing households are slightly older, better
off financially, more likely to be married or divorced, more likely to live in a state with at least one legal casino and
more likely to live in the Northeast than respondents living in non-money-losing households. Among those living in money-losing
households, the least wealthy and African American respondents are more likely to lose a higher proportion of their respective
incomes purchasing lottery tickets and engaging in pari-mutuel betting than wealthier respondents and whites. 相似文献
453.
Paul K.H.Lin 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(2):421-429
The derivation of a simpie mexhoa for confounding in mixed factorial experiments from an isomorphism of finite abelian groups is presented. The theoretical bases of confounding procedures that use modular arithmetic for such experiments are compared. 相似文献
454.
Consider a life testing experiment in which n units are put on test, successive failure times are recorded, and the observation is terminated either at a specified number r of failures or a specified time T whichever is reached first. This mixture of type I and type II censoring schemes, called hybrid censoring, is of wide use. Under this censoring scheme and the assumption of an exponential life distribution, the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the mean life 6 is derived. It is then used to construct an exact lower confidence bound for θ. 相似文献
455.
Bejoy K. Thomas Roldan Muradian Gerard de Groot Arie de Ruijter 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2010,21(3):358-370
NGOs have, of late, found some of their traditional domains, such as provision of micro-credit and participatory development, coinciding with or being taken away by the state. How do they position themselves and retain relevance vis-a-vis the state in the changed scenario? Tracing the trajectory of interventions of a local NGO in Kerala, India, this article shows that NGOs exhibit ‘multiple identities’—selective collaboration, gap-filling and posing alternatives—in the process of engagement with the state. The ‘strategizing’ of such identities may hold the key to their relevance vis-a-vis the state. 相似文献
456.
There is a lack of research investigating Pacific peoples' gambling within a New Zealand context. In this paper, data about gambling activity (rather than problem gambling) are presented from the first data collection point for a cohort of mothers who are part of the longitudinal Pacific Islands Families study. The results indicate that gambling behaviour could be influenced by cultural differences. For example, Tongans are more likely to gamble than Samoans, and those who undertake traditional gift giving customs are likely to spend more money on gambling than those who do not. This paper identifies a need for research on Pacific peoples' gambling to acknowledge ethnic-specific cultural influences on gambling practices. 相似文献
457.
We propose a modification to the regular kernel density estimation method that use asymmetric kernels to circumvent the spill over problem for densities with positive support. First a pivoting method is introduced for placement of the data relative to the kernel function. This yields a strongly consistent density estimator that integrates to one for each fixed bandwidth in contrast to most density estimators based on asymmetric kernels proposed in the literature. Then a data-driven Bayesian local bandwidth selection method is presented and lognormal, gamma, Weibull and inverse Gaussian kernels are discussed as useful special cases. Simulation results and a real-data example illustrate the advantages of the new methodology. 相似文献
458.
K. S. Sultan A. S. Al-Moisheer 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2013,83(3):405-416
The classification of a random variable based on a mixture can be meaningfully discussed only if the class of all finite mixtures is identifiable. In this paper, we find the maximum-likelihood estimates of the parameters of the mixture of two inverse Weibull distributions by using classified and unclassified observations. Next, we estimate the nonlinear discriminant function of the underlying model. Also, we calculate the total probabilities of misclassification as well as the percentage bias. In addition, we investigate the performance of all results through a series of simulation experiments by means of relative efficiencies. Finally, we analyse some simulated and real data sets through the findings of the paper. 相似文献
459.
K.W. Lau Antonio C.M. Yam Richard Esther Tang 《Journal of Engineering and Technology Management》2009,26(4):305-326
Modular product design and internal integration are commonly adopted by manufacturers to improve operational performance. A number of studies argue that the adoption of product modularity significantly alters organization design, which affects the impact of internal integration on competitive capabilities. This paper thus aims to empirically explore the individual effects as well as interaction effects of product modularity and internal integration on competitive capabilities. The competitive capabilities studied in this paper include product innovativeness, low price, product quality, delivery, flexibility and customer services. After analysing the data from 251 Hong Kong manufacturers through moderated multiple regression analysis, the study found that better internal integration can significantly improve product innovativeness, product quality, delivery, flexibility and customer services, while a high level of product modularity enhances product innovativeness, flexibility and customer services. More importantly, the study shows that internal integration and product modularity can interact to improve product innovativeness and product quality. These results enhance our understanding of the interaction of product design and organizational coordination. 相似文献
460.
This article examined general trends in teacher-reported conflict and closeness among 878 children from kindergarten through sixth grade, and examined early childhood characteristics that predict differences in initial levels and growth of conflict and closeness over time. Results indicated modest stability of teacher-perceived conflict and closeness through sixth grade, with relatively greater stability in perceptions of conflict. Levels of conflict at kindergarten were higher for children who were male, Black, had greater mean hours of childcare, had lower academic achievement scores, and had greater externalizing behavior. Children identified as Black and those with less sensitive mothers were at greater risk for increased conflict with teachers over time. Levels of teacher-reported closeness were lower when children were male, had lower quality home environments, and had lower academic achievement scores. The gap in closeness ratings between males and females increased in the middle elementary school years. Additional analyses were conduced to explore differences in teacher ratings of conflict between Black and White students. 相似文献