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41.
Grace A. Musila 《Social Identities》2013,19(2):113-129
This article examines two marriages: one between Kenya's 60-year-old Vice-President, Michael Wamalwa Kijana and 34-year-old Yvonne Nambia and the other between 67-year-old Wambui Otieno, an ex-Mau Mau scout, widow, gender activist and outspoken politician, and 25-year-old Peter Mbugua, a stonemason. Wambui's marriage generated a heated debate both in the country and the Kenyan diasporas. An examination of the public debate and responses that attended the two marriages is suggestive of circulating attitudes towards gender, sex and power in contemporary Kenya. This paper suggests that the response to Wambui's marriage to Mbugua can be understood within a framework of a set of assumptions, values and social truths that form the conventional codes of popular morality in contemporary Kenya. 相似文献
42.
This study examined the validity of a single-item measure of HIV risk stage of change that HIV prevention contractors were required to collect by the California State Office of AIDS. The single-item measure was compared to the more conventional University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA). Participants were members of Los Angeles County-defined behavioral risk groups recruited from a mobile HIV testing program (N = 123). The study found low correspondence between participants' stage of change on the single-item and the URICA, suggesting that they do not assess the same construct, and that the single item may not provide a valid measure. The current data suggests that the single-item measure should be revised or abandoned in favor of more conventional stage-of-change measures. 相似文献
43.
Welte JW Barnes GM Tidwell MC Hoffman JH 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):119-133
A random telephone survey was conducted with a representative sample of 2,274 U.S. residents aged 14–21. The prevalence of
problem gambling, as measured by the SOGS-RA, was 2.1%. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of the respondents had gambled in the past
year, and 11% had gambled more often than twice per week. Males had much higher gambling involvement than females, and gambling
involvement increased among older respondents. Blacks were less likely than average to have gambled in the past year, but
if they gambled, they were more likely to do so frequently. Low SES respondents were less likely to have gambled in the past
year, but if they gambled, they were more likely to be problem gamblers. Life transitions that are associated with assuming
adult roles (employment, living independently of parents, non-student status) are also associated with greater gambling involvement.
The rates of problem and pathological gambling were lower than those in an adult survey conducted earlier, when measured with
the same questionnaire. 相似文献
44.
45.
Amy L. Ai Carol Plummer Grace Heo Catherine M. Lemieux Cassandra E. Simon Patricia Taylor Valire Carr Copeland 《Race and social problems》2011,3(1):13-24
This study examines the attribution of responsibility for the problematic response to Hurricane Katrina in the fall of 2005.
Based on social identity theory, the study compared the attribution with racism and non-racism factors (situational vs. dispositional
attributions) between African American and European American students (n = 505). As hypothesized, African American identity was related to greater racism attribution, even after controlling for
demographics, faith factors, and cognitive-emotional reactions to the hurricanes. European American identity was associated
with more executive-responsibility attributions, but the effect vanished after adjusting other factors. The study underscores
the importance of acknowledging group identity rather than an overarching American identity in exploring the race effect after
a national collective trauma. The consequential implications for disaster planning, future research investigation, and social
service delivery are discussed. 相似文献
46.
Barnes GM Welte JW Tidwell MC Hoffman JH 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):575-586
Two representative U.S. telephone surveys of gambling were conducted—an adult survey of adults aged 18 years and older (n = 2,631)
and a youth survey of young people aged 14–21 years old (n = 2,274). Because the questions and methods were the same or similar
in both surveys, the data from these two surveys were combined into a single dataset to examine the prevalence and sociodemographic
correlates of gambling and problem gambling across the lifespan. The present work focused specifically on gambling on the
lottery which is the most prevalent form of gambling in the U.S. The frequency of gambling on the lottery increased sharply
from mid adolescence to age 18 which is the legal age to purchase lottery tickets in most states; lottery play continued to
increase into the thirties when it leveled off and remained high through the sixties and then decreased among those 70 years
and older. Considering multiple sociodemographic factors together in a negative binomial regression, the average number of
days of lottery gambling was significantly predicted by male gender, age, neighborhood disadvantage and whether or not lottery
was legal in the state where the respondent lived. These findings can be used to inform policies regarding lotteries in the
U.S. 相似文献
47.
48.
Almost from the beginning of formal college health programs in the second half of the 19th century, college health nurses were there to care for students in college and university settings. By the end of the 20th century, the role of college health nurses had evolved with the nursing field in general, but with enough unique features for the American Nurses' Credentialing Center to recognize college health nursing as a professional subspecialty and administer the first College Health Nurse Certification examinations. In addition, new nurse practitioner programs provided practicing nurses with more independence, and their duties continued to expand beyond care of the sick to include health promotion, administrative, and teaching activities. As a result of these changes, college health nurses now play a larger role in the life of students and promoting a healthy campus community than ever before in the history of college health. 相似文献
49.
Grace Kao 《Sociological Forum》2000,15(3):407-430
The study is motivated by the differential alignment of educational achievement and aspirations along race and ethnic lines. Specifically, black and Hispanic students have comparable educational aspirations relative towhites, yet earn much lower grades and test scores. On the other hand, compared to white students, Asian youth overperform in their grades and test scores given their aspirations. Focus groups and interviews of high school students reveal prevalent stereotypes that link ethnic group membership to academic ability as well as other skills. Specifically, Asian youth are believed to be especially gifted in their academic abilities, while blacks are seen as less successful in academic endeavors. Stereotypes about Hispanics focused less on their academic performance and more on their occupational concentration in manual labor. These images form the reference point for the construction of success among ethnic youth; specifically, blacks speak of academic goals in terms of avoiding failure, Hispanic youth aim primarily to avoid factory or manual labor, and Asians focus on keeping up with high expectations of their academic pursuits. Hence, I argue that adolescents define their goals primarily in terms of the stereotypical images attached to their ethnic group. Specifically, minority youth focused on avoiding failure defined by prevalent group stereotypes. Moreover, these images maintain racially and ethnically segregated extracurricular activities that reinforce segregated peer groups. Finally, socialization with same-race peers promote comparable conceptions of success within racial groups. 相似文献
50.
Quality of life (QOL) has become an important component of health. By using the methodology of psychometric theory, we examine the item properties of the WHOQOL-BRIEF. Samejima’s graded response model with natural metrics of the logistic response function was fitted. The results showed items with negative natures were less discriminating. Items written in a specific way were more suitable to assess certain subgroups. The national items showed variation in discriminatory power. Questions measuring objective and specific issues performed worse than items assessing general aspects of the QOL. 相似文献